Metropolitan Carbon Source, Carbon Sinks - The Case Of Shanghai

Since industrial revolution, artificial emission of greenhouse gases from industrial and agriculture production had been stipulated in Kyoto Agreement, including:CO2,CH4,N2O,HFCs,PFCs and SF6 which have caused the increment of atmospheric greenhouse effect and cause global temperature increase. As the characteristics of global temperature increase and weather change, it will cause a series of seriously environmental and ecological effects, and also cause serious effect on life sustaining system of ecosystem and industrial, food and water resources in coastal regions all over the world No matter, the global wealth change still existing uncertainly, but since 1980s, more and more scientific evidences showed that human activities have been effected on global weather system to a great extent.City is the most concentrated and active activities region of human being. It has been predicted by the United Nations that in the year of 2025,about 2/3 of the total population of the world will live in cities, study on carbon source and carbon pool is very meaningful to effective control of greenhouse gases emission, especially CO2 emission, and decreasing the negative effect on global weather change due to human activities. Owing to analysis of municipal carbon source and carbon pool related to a complicated system, namely, the complex system of every nature system and social economic system, study on carbon source and carbon pool are very few recently.Under the intensive developing activities, change of flux of municipal carbon source and carbon pool are very large. The purpose of this paper is to establish a study framework of metropolis' carbon cycle, provide a calculation method of municipal carbon flux. The major object of this study is the change of carbon source and carbon pool amount produced from human respiration, fossil fuel burning from human economic activities, artificial planting of green cover and soil etc. To grasp macroscopically the situation of municipal carbon flux change. The study based on historical information collection and analysis, and in combination with developing policy and administrative model to calculate carbon release and assimination equivalence, so that to provide the measures and counter measure of promoting balance of municipal carbon source and carbon pool.Taking Shanghai carbon source and carbon pool as example to study the changes of population, energy consumption, land use and city green cover which induced the changes of carbon source and carbon pool in the historical stage, when Shanghai city was situated in the period of highly economic development and great progress of urbanization, from 1994 to 2003. Through estimation, increase 1044.5 thousand tons of carbon source and 12075.2 thousand tons carbon source of energy consumption due to population increase ; decreased 270.4 thousand tons of carbon pool due to land use change; increased 1921 thousand tons of carbon pool due to green cover increase, mean while, in the years of 1995,2000 and 2003, by means of GIS technique, to analyze the space change of population and green cover and interpreted from remote sensing information indicated that Shanghai City still at the stage of emitting carbon source into the atmosphere. Fossil fuel and human respiration factors occupied about 98% of total carbon source in Shanghai City. But under the direction of sustainable development policy of Shanghai City, and analysis on relation between economic increment and CO2 emission, while economic development , Shanghai City began to pay great attention to coordinate the relation between population, resources and environment so that the net carbon source of 10 thousand dollars GDP decreased from 1.44(1994) to 0.64(2003).Further more, for promoting carbon source and carbon pool balance in the future 10 years, to provide, through effective population control, adjustment of ratio of energy structure strategyAnd industrial structure, to control the amount of carbon source within 52000 thousand tons; and also through adjustment, the change of green co...