Transverse Ridge Leafhopper Systematics

ENGLISH SUMMARYSystematic Study of Evacanthinae from ChinaThe present dissertation mainly deals with the morphology~ taxonomy~ geographic distribution, and phylogenetie analysis on the subfamily of Evacanthinae from China.In introduction, the history and present situation both in China and abroad, its morphology and geographical distribution are introduced and discussed.Morphological terminology was adopted principally from Zhang( 1990)and Li( 1996). Dissections and illustrations adults morphology characters were performed and observed on a TXS2O 104 steromicroscope~ and figured out under Nikon AFXæ¡°1 steromicroscope fitted with a Leize drawing tube, male genitalia features on a OLYMPUS PMæ¡° OAD microscope also fitted with a drawing tube. Male genitalia preparations were made using weak solution (5?0%) of potassium hydroxides washed and were temporarily mounted on glass slides in glycerin jelly.Zoogeographical analysis shows that most of the Chinese genera and species are found in Southwestern China, then center Huanzhong and Southern Hua, that is~ the Oriental Region of China exhibits considerable species and genera diversity. Because of some geographically natural isolations, more regionally special genera and species are presented in Taiwan, Tibet and Hainan, and Taiwan is the most.Phylogenetic analysis of 20 genera of Evacanthinae, Signoretia and one outgroupæ¡Ÿicadella genera is presented in this paper. 15 diagram trees (see fig. 14) are obtained, number thirteen thought to be the most parsimonius~ suitable and acceptable. The results show clearly that the tribe Signoretiini would be taken out from Evacanthinae. All other 20 genera is a monophyletic group~ and they are grouped to be three, Evacanthus group, Onukia group and Pythamus group, but the genus Paraonukia is unsolved in this study. Evacanthus group contains Evacanthus Le Peletier & Servi11e~.Spinopenus gen. n.. Boundarus Li et Wang~ Subulatus gen. n. Processus Huang and Bundera Distant. Onukia group contains Angustella Li et Wang. Carinata Li et Wang~ TaperzssLi et Wang~.Onulda Matsumura. Convexana Li~ Onu/dades lshihara and Onukiana gen. n.. Pythamus contains Cunedda Distant~ Pythamus Melichar. Dussana Distant. Striatanus Li et Wang~ Riseveinus Li and Vangama Distant, Only the genus Paraonukia lshihara remains unresolved. The consistence and retention indices measure the fitness of original data set to the number thirteen tree?s topology and the degree of homoplasy. they are now widely used for the measurement of homoplasy. Diagnostics of the contribution of different characters to the selected most parsimonious tree is shown in table 10.Totally. 23 genera and 156 species are found over the world up to now, of which 20 genera and 128 species are known in China. In the present paper. 17 genera and 73 species are diagnosed, described, revised and recorded. Three genera and 26 species are new to science. Of these new4species~ seven species including Angustella albonotata, Angustella nigrinola, Carinata choui Yang et Zhang~ Carinata brachyfurcaba Yang et Zhang, Carinata barbulata Yang et Zhang~ Carinata b~furca Yang et Zhang and Evacanthus longianus Yang Ct Zhang have been published in 1999 and 2000. Three species are transferred as new combinations and three new synonyms are recognized and revised. Four species are recorded in China for the first time. All of these new genera~ new described species~ new combinations and new records in this paper are as follows:New genera: Onukiana, Subulatus, Spinopenus gen. n.New species: Angustella pichacauda, Angustella flavescena, Bundera nigricana~ Subulatus verrucosus, Subulatus trim oculatus, Evacanthus corn utus, Evacanthus ventraspinus, Evacanthus multispinosus, Evacanthus shortaspinosus, Evacanthus zhangi~ Onukia diplomacula, Onulciana motuona, Pyt ham us prominentus, Riseveinus monobranchus, Riseveinus fllaceousus, Strianatus setanus, Taperus sangzhiensis. Taperus multispinosus, Taperus bannaensis, spp. n.New records...