The Measure Of Scale Economies Of Highway Industry And The Choice Of Reform Path

In recent years, with the rapid development of highway in our country, the construction of highway has been one of the important factors in promoting the rapid development of national economy, and its progress will certainly accelerate a series of industries in our country such as economy, culture, logistics, automobile, tourism etc. However, the continuous growth of highway mileage will affect the whole highway network density, which will make the operating situation of our highway gradually become dull. The national toll road statistics bulletin issued by ministry of transportation in 2014 shows that the loss of toll road exceed one hundred billion yuan. Ont the whole, the operating efficiency of the highway industry is low, therefore, how to improve the scale economies effect of highway industry has been the problem need to be solved. Based on this, the author researches the scale economies effect of highway industry from the measure of scale economies effect and the choice of reform path in order to improve the whole operating efficiency of highway industry.First of all, this paper combs the generation, development and application of scale economy systematically from its definition on the point of classical economics, and it divides the level of scale economy theory and defines its application scope; it further analyses the theory of scale economy of highway industry and its application by referring the results of scale economy researched by banking industry, telecommunications, electric power industry, aviation industry and railway transportation industry and combining the characteristics of highway industry’s economic attribute and social effects.Secondly, by summarizing the measurement theory and method of scale economy, combing with the characteristics of highway industry scale economy, this paper measures the scale economies efficiency according to the thinking of “input-output”. Then it selects input and output indicators corresponding to technical characteristics of highway and constructs the index system covering all aspects of highway operation based on scientific, reasonable, feasible and integrated principles. By using data of 18 highway listed companies from 2012-2014, the article analyses the CRS and VRS model for each decision-making unit and concludes that the average overall efficiency index of the highway’s economic performance is 0.859. In the end, it compares and evaluates the highway industry’s scale economy quantitative results.Thirdly, on the base of combing formation condition of regional scale economy and the cause of scale economies efficiency, by having field research for the regional highway, this article selects some relevant indicators reflecting the highway industry scale economy and determines the minimum operating economies of scale about the organizational layer and operating layer of highway industry using the method of nonlinear regression. On one hand, it can provide a method reference for the scale economies of regional industry, on the other hand, it tries to find out the reasonable mileage of charge interval under the condition that the regional highway is in the state of scale economy.Finally, this article analyses the factors influencing the scale economies efficiency of highway industry from the factors of government, enterprise, technological progress and consumers, which is based on the present situation of highway industry‘s scale economy, and it explores the fundamental reasons that the scale economies effect of highway industry is lower. On the premise of improving the highway industry’s scale economy efficiency, the article puts forward the reform path to improve the scale economies effect from the aspects of market reform, adjustment of government functions, corporate governance and social participation.As for research methods, the article uses inductive and deductive method to analyze theories and application of scale economies by combing relevant research and combining the industry attribute and characteristics; it evaluates and measures the current situation of scale economies effect of highway industry with the method of econometric and empirical analysis; it researches the factors that affect the scale economies effect of highway industry behind the researching index using “reverse thinking”method and it classifies those factors; in the end, the article raises specific paths to improve scale economies effect of highway industry through analysis for literature, thesis seminar, investigation of leading department etc.On the theoretical research aspect, this article analyses and researches the application of highway industry’s scale economy theory on the base of referring the application of scale economy theory. The research work of this article provides corresponding theoretical reference for exploring the future development strategy of highway industry, improving scale economy theory system, government planing, highway construction and policy formulation, furthermore, is is of great significance to improve the highway economics subject system and construction of road economy.