Study On The Unified Urban-rural Land Market’s Construction With The View Of New Institutional Economics

Land resource is the foundation of human existence. With the establishment of the socialist market economy, the value of the land is gradually manifesting. Urban state-owned land market got fast development, while the development of rural collective land market has lagged behind, state-owned land market and the collective land market has obvious urban-rural dual structure characteristics, the efficient transfer of land resources, optimal allocation constitute a huge obstacle. At the same time, the land rights of farmers has also been a certain degree of damage. The central government has paid high attention to the building of a unified urban-rural land market, In the Third Plenary Session of the eighth, explicitly proposed to establish a unified urban- rural construction land market, and propose that “in line with the planning and control the use of the premise, allowing operation of rural collective construction land to transfer, lease and become a shareholde, shares the same right,same price as the state-owned land in the same market,” which point out the direction for the construction of China’s unified urban- rural land market.This paper takes the new institutional economics as the basic research tools, with the direction of the urban-rural coordination development theory,the land location theory and the land market theory, with the methods of theoretical analysis, literature review, field investigation and system analysis,taking Anhui Province as an investigation object, the construction of urban and rural land market in Anhui province has been analyzed comprehensively and systematically. With the new spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the eighteen as a guide, from the perspective of new institutional economics, this paper explored the construction of urban land market and rural land market in our country in detail, put forward the construction of urban- rural unified land market and reform proposals. Including the following contents:Construct the framework of the new institutional economics. The property rights theory, contract theory, transaction cost theory, public choice theory and other theories of new institutional economics have important guiding significance to the urban-rural unified land market construction. It is believed that clear property right is the premise and basis of land market transaction; to clear the land transaction rules and reduce the transaction cost of the land market is the necessary requirement. Market contract spirit is an important guarantee for the land market; the realization of the government, collective organizations, farmers’ multi win is an important direction of the land market construction.By the field research of urban-rural unified land market construction situation, analysis of the construction process to achieve the results and problems in Wuhu City, Ningguo City, Anhui province, with the formation of land investment companies, the establishment of joint-stock cooperatives, the establishment of urban-rural unified land trading center, etc. the two city above got certain achivment, while faced with the relevant legal constraints: collective economic organization is not perfect, the allocation of land value-added income is unreasonable, the lack of rural social security system and some other obstacles.By studying the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the eighth, from the perspective of new institutional economics,this paper put forward the system arrangement of urban- rural unified land market operation: firstly, to establish a unified land property rights system, and give farmers complete land rights;secondly, to improve the land market contract, standardize and strengthen contract management; thirdly, to reduce the land market transaction costs; forthly, to reflect the land market in the construction of public choice, fifthly, to improve the income distribution mechanism of land market; finaly, to improve the land market trading rules system.