Semi-fragile Video Content Authentication Based On Digital Watermarking

Digital video has become an integral part of the modern live, which has covered E-government, E-commerce, national security, justice, science research, network communication, News and other fields. In state-of-the-art network, together with the development of increasingly powerful signal and image processing techniques, digital video is susceptible to manipulations and alterations using widely available editing tools. Information integrity authentication for video content protection is becoming an important problem in the study of information security. In practical video storage and distribution systems, the video sequence is stored and transmitted in a compressed format. During compression, the video frame is transformed from the spatial domain into frequency domain. Therefore, it needs to be robust to acceptable operations, such as compression and filtering. In other words, the watermark should be semi-fragile. However, semi-fragile problem remains to be solved. The signature-based video content authentication has disadvantages, one of which is the signature should be transferred via secure channel. Since the watermarking-based technology proposed, it has become a new solution for content authentication. Semi-fragile watermarking technology is a good method to solve semi-fragile video content integrity authentication problem.This paper takes the semi-fragile video content integrity authentication problem as the research object using the semi-fragile watermarking method. This paper focuses on 4 problems, including video spatial domain integrity, video time domain integrity, authentication information reversible watermarking method and tampered content recovery. The main research work and innovation points are as follows:(1)Propose a video content authentication using semi-fragile watermarking based on hybrid featureFor video spatial domain integrity problem, this paper proposes a video content authentication using semi-fragile watermarking based on hybrid feature. Through the characteristics of the video content in the existing integrity authentication are analyzed, a hybrid feature, consisting of gray threshold and relative total variation edge feature, is designed. The experiment demonstrates the proposed method has good imperceptibility. Tampering location is good, especially, it has has higher recall than the current approaches, which will meet the requirements of the tampered area recovery application. In the public watermarking system case(Kerckhoffs’ s principle), the proposed method can distinguish malicious attacks from the legitimate common alterations, such as H.264 lossy compression, Gaussian noise and Gaussian filtering. It has outstanding capability to robust to H.264 compression and to detect malicious attacks.(2)Propose a video content authentication using semi-fragile watermarking based on manifold featureFor video time domain integrity problem, all state-of-the-art technologies of temporal tampering use the frame index as the temporal feature. However, frame index and video content are irrelevant. According to Kerckhoffs’ s principle, a cryptosystem should be secure even if everything about the system, except the key, is public knowledge. That means that the security of a video authentication system should closely rely on the secret key. Unfortunately, current video authentication methods using frame index feature have an assumption that attackers do not know the video has been watermarked and watermarking method. When the system is public, they will fail. This paper proposes a video content authentication using semi-fragile watermarking based on manifold feature. In this paper, the relationship between the frame index and the frame content is established by manifold feature. Experimental results show that the proposed method has good spatiotemporal authentication. It can certify whether the extracted frame index is the original one. The proposed method is sensitive to malicious attacks and robust to legitimate manipulations, such as certain level of lossy compression, channel noise, Gaussian filtering and brightness adjustment.(3)Propose a video content authentication using semi-fragile invertible watermarking based on block differenceFor authentication information reversible watermarking method, this paper proposes a video content authentication using semi-fragile invertible watermarking based on block difference. H.264 prediction residuals will help classify image blocks. According to human vision system, more watermarks will be embedded into texture areas than smooth ones. At the receiver side, K-means is used to cluster the difference to achieve high-accuracy watermark extraction. Experimental results show that the proposed method has good invisibility. And it is sensitive to intentional malicious attacks while it is robust to legitimate manipulations, such as certain level of lossy compression, channel noise and Gaussian filtering.(4)Propose a video content authentication using semi-fragile watermarking based on contour compressive sensingNowadays there is little research in semi-fragile tampered video content recovery in domestic academic circle. Compressive sensing can reconstruct the principal video feature after attacks. This paper proposes a video content authentication using semi-fragile watermarking based on contour compressive sensing. After malicious attacks, the watermark carried by the un-tampered regions can also be used to recover the principal feature by compressive sensing reconstruction. Experimental results show that the proposed method is sensitive to malicious attacks and robust to legitimate manipulations, such as certain level of lossy compression, channel noise, Gaussian filtering and brightness adjustment.The main research work in this paper is focuses on the problem of semi-fragile watermarking video content authentication, which supplements domestic and foreign research in this field. And provide some new ideas and method for the research and application of video content authentication.