| Part One Case-Control Studies on the Risk Factors of Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairments in Military ElderlyObjectives: To investigate the risk of CognitiveImpairments, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitiveimpairment(MCI), associated with life style, histories of disease,family history of dementia and other risk factors.Methods: We conducted a case-control study among the AD patients andMCI patients in bureaus of military retiree in Beijing from 2005 to2006. Eighty-two AD cases and 102 MCI cases were selected. Eachcase-control group was matched for gender and age. Univariate andmultivariate analyses were conducted using Logistic regression model.Results:1. In AD and control group, all subjects aged from 66 to 102, while in MCI and control group, all subjects aged from 72 to 93. Equilibrium test showed the comparability between cases and controls.2. In univariate analysis, lack of social activities (OR=1.002), exercise(OR=0. 55), histories of COPD(OR=2.00), history of cancers (OR=0.40), and positively family history of dementia (OR=3.78) were risk factors for AD (p<0.05). Histories of hyperlipidemia (OR=1.63), and positively family history of dementia (OR=4.83) were risk factors for MCI (p<0.05).3. Multivariate analysis showed that after adjusting for potential confounders, history of COPD, positively family histories of dementia and lack of social activities increased the risk of AD. The values of OR(95%CI) were 2.11 (1.02-4.36), 4.41(1.05-18.47), 1.28(1.13-1.44), respectively. While smoking and history of cancer were negatively were correlated with AD. History of stroke and family history of dementia were absolute risk factors of MCI. The adjustive OR(95%CI) were 1.96(1.05-3.66) and 7.05 (2.13-23.32) , respectively.Conclusions: The study demonstrated that history of COPD and family history of dementia were risk factors for AD, while history of stroke and family history of dementia were risk factors for MCI.Part TwoAnalysis of ApoE, BChE and ACE polymorphisms or mutations in patients with Alzheimer's DiseaseObjectives: To analyze the relationship of BChE K mutation and ACE Insertion-Deletion polymorphism with sporadic AD in Beijing China, and to study the cooperation of BChE K mutation and ApoE ε 4 allele.Methods: Peripheral blood samples of AD patients were collected from hospitals or bureaus of military retiree of Beijing city, including 68 cases and 89 controls. DNA was prepared by phenol chloroform extraction method from blood samples. The PCR-RFLP method was used to analyze the genotypes or mutations of ApoE, BChE and ACE genes. Allele frequencies and mutation frequencies were calculated. SPSS 13.0 Statistical software was used for data statistic analyses.Results:1. Among the 68 cases of sporadic AD, the frequencies of ApoE ε2, ε3, ε4 were 1.5%, 81.6% and 16. 9%, respectively, while among the89 controls, the frequencies were 1.7%,96.1% and 2.2%, respectively. The distribution of ApoE ε4 allele frequency between two groups was significant different by statistical analysis (P<0. 001).2. In case group the frequency of BChE K mutation was 11.0%, while 9. 6% in control group. The distribution of BChE K mutation between two groups was not significant different by statistical analysis. No synergistic effect was found in BChE K mutation and ApoE ε4 allele.3. In case group the frequencies of ACE D allele and I allele were 39.0% and 61.0%, respectively, while in control group, were 34.8 % and 65. 2%, respectively. Though AD group showed a higher D allele frequency, the difference was not statistically significant. But in female subjects, the difference was statistically significant, P=0. 034.Conclusions: It's confirmed that ApoE ε4 allele is related to sporadic AD, and the risk of individual who has ApoE ε4 allelesuffering from AD is 11 times as high as those with no ApoE ε 4 allele.ACE gene I/D polymorphism may be related with AD in female. Noassociation is found between the K variant of the BChE gene andsporadic AD in Beijing China.
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