| Hepatitis B is still a major epidemic worldwide and threatened people's life and health heavily. Vertical transmission is a very important route of HBV transmission. In this route, HBV could infect fetus through placentae, which is called one of intrauterine transmission. The rate of HBV intrauterine transmission is 5%~15% in babies of the hepatitis B surface antigen positive mothers. The acquired HBV infection of fetus in gestation can not be blocked by hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglubin. The intrauterine transmission is major reason for the failure of hepatitis B immunity. Since 1992, our department have performed macroscopic and microcosmic studies in this field and suggested that HBV intrauterine transmission might occur either through placental tears with transfusion of maternall blood into fetal circulation named "hematogenous transmission" or progressive infection of every placental layer until the virus got to fetus, which was named "transplacental cellular traffic". Many studies by immunophathologic and molecular biologic technology confirmed that HBV could infect the cells of placenta. Trophoblast cells, as the outermost covering of placental barrier, are directly bathed in the maternal blood. Some studies has been showed the evidences of HBV infection in the cells by morphologyical and pathological methods in sections of placental tissue. However, the mechanism of entry of HBV into trophoblast cells has not been reported yet. So the studies on the trace of HBV in the trophoblast cells have been one of the keys in controlling...
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