| Cognitive function refers to the ability of perception, memory, verbal and abstract thinking, etc. cognitive decline is popular in aged people which can do harm to both physical and psychological health of aged individuals, with descending life quality and shortened life expectancy,particularly by it's extreme--dementia. To make clear the risk factors of cognitive decline will benefit the prevention of dementia and the improvement of life quality. Objective 1) Investigate the nature of cognitive decline in aging; 2) explore the risk factors of cognitive decline; 3) explore the relation between electroencephalography(EEG) and cognitive ability and the function of EEG in Predicting cognitive descending. Methods 1065 aged people without clinical evidence of dementia were selected from five community, 461 male,604 female. The following items were investigated: 1) Cognitive ability examination. All subjects were evaluated using five cognitive test: Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), arithmetic, digit span, picture filling and block design by standardized assessment procedures. To get a complete profile of the cognitive function, 294 of them were evaluated using digit symbol, plot memory, visual attention span and spatial reasoning in addition to the former examination. In the longitudinal study, 373 of the 1065 aged people were retested using MMSE, arithmetic, digit span, picture filling and block design after twelve to sixteen months to baseline . 2) Social demographic character investigation. Age, gender, occupation, education, marriage and the disease history such as hypertension, diabetes, stroke were investigated as well as the life style variables such as smoking, drinking, reading, doing housework, etc. 3) Physical examination. Blood samples were drawn from the vein of 294 fasting participants to detect the level of blood lipid and glucose, ApoE genotypes were determined using ASPCR, estrogen of 159 female were determined by radio immunity test . 4) EEG examination. 610 aged people from four community of five were examined, Sixteen-channel EEGs were performed with disk electrodes applied to the scalp with collodion in accordance with the 10-20 system. Computerized spectral analysis were conducted by BEAM. 5) Personality investigation. Kartaier's 16 personality factors test(16PF) were used to investigate the personality character . 6) SPSS11.5 software were used in statistical analysis. Comparisons of mean score in different groups were made using t-test or ANOVA, confirmatory factor analysis were used to explore the latent variables of the cognitive tests. In the multi-factor analysis, linear regression and multi-variable ANOVA were used to explore the risk factors of cognitive decline. ROC curve were used to analyze the diagnostic ability of EEG power and baseline score of cognitive test. Results 1) Negative correlation was found between age and the score of five cognitive test--MMSE, arithmetic, digit span, picture filling and block design. Education have a strong positive impact to the score, gender affect the score of four cognitive tests except for digit span. Education and gender interacted with age by a larger difference between (among) groups in age 65-75. Education interacted with gender in MMSE score by a larger gender difference in illiterate group. 2) Negative correlation was found between blood pressure, blood glucose, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and the cognitive tests score. APOE polymorphism correlate with digit span by a greater risk among [epsilon] 4 carrier. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that three latent variable exist in the nine cognitive test, MMSE and digit span are loaded in MCI related factors,picture filling, block design, digit symbol and spatial reasoning are loaded in perceptual organization factor, plot memory, visual attention span and arithmetic are loaded in memory-attention factors. Linear regression was conducted with the three factors'score as dependent variable. The results showed that the individuals who are male, more educated, younger, mental worki...
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