| Partâ… SNP analysis of the ApoE gene of AD patientsbackground and objective: Alzheimer's disease is a big challenge that is confronted in the field of medicine science in the 21st century. In west countries, Alzheimer's disease has been the fourth disease that leads to the death, following the heart disease, tumor and apoplexy. The epidemiology investigation of Alzheimer's disease has been ranked as one project of the National "JiuWu" Key Project in our country. The investigation on over 40000 oldsters located in 39 regions such as Beijing and Shanghai indicated that the morbidity rate of Alzheimer's disease in the crowd over 55 years old was close to 3% and that in the crowd over 65 years old was beyond 5%. When the age increased 5 years, the risk of suffering from Alzheimer's disease increased 1.85 times in the crowd over 60 years old. At present, the number of the oldsters over 65 years old has reached one hundred and twenty million, in which there are about 5xl06 Alzheimer's disease patients. This number is approximately one quarter of that of the patients in the world. It is estimated that the percentage of the oldsters in the population of whole country will be 20% in 2025. Supposed that these is one Alzheimer's disease patient with different extent in 10 oldsters which is reported in the references both here and abroad, Alzheimer's disease will turn into a problem that every Chinese family has to face with. The continuous increase of the incidence of Alzheimer's disease brings not only huge pressure but also economic burden to our society. Thus there is no time to delay to study the Alzheimer's disease.The pathogeny of Alzheimer's disease is unclear until today. In the recent years, Most of the abundance studies both here and abroad are focused on the aspects such as genetics, immunology, viral infection, neurotransmitter and nerve internal secretion. The results indicated that the onset of this disease is related with many factors.The study of the environmental factor indicated that the combination of aluminum with the chromosome in the nucleolus might influence the gene expression.The concentration in some parts of the brains of AD patients could reach 10-30 times of that in the brains of normal person. Aluminum is selectively distributed in the nerves that contain the neurofibrillary tangle ( NFT) . Aluminum is also deposited on the core of the senileplaque.Because quit a few clinic symptoms and pathology variations of some nerve denaturalization deseases resulted from the virus, such as Scapie, Kwru desease, Creutzfeldt-Jacob desease, are quite similar with those of the Alzheimer's disease, it is thought that Alzheimer's disease might have something to do with virus infection. Some study results also indirectly proved that Alzheimer's disease might have something to do with virus infection.Genetics study indicated that the AD had the character of domestic aggregation. 40% of the AD patients had positive family history and assumed the dominant inheritance of cuchromosomc and polygenic inheritance. Now it is believed that there are genetic abnormity at the twenty-first, ninth and fourteenth chromosome. In recent years, it is found that the ApoE gene of nineteenth chromosome is abnormal, which is possible related with the invasion of Alzheimer's disease. And it is believed that ApoE4 allele increase the invasion risk in the form of quantitive correlation. Necropsy found that there were a lot of ApoE deposition in the senileplaque and neurofibrillary tangle structure of the Alzheimer's disease patient while the level of ApoE in the cerebrospinal fluid was lower than the normal control group. This indicated that the abnormal deposition of the ApoE might participate in the invasion process. As one of the susceptibility genes, ApoE had key relationship both with the familial AD and the dispersedly AD. The genetic polymorphism of ApoE behaved differently in different races and crowds and the risk of the AD invasion also differed from each other. At present, most of the studies...
|
PDF Full Text Request