Study On The Accumulation Of Diseases In The Yellow Emperor 's Canon Of Internal Medicine

"Neijing", short for "Huangdineijing", which is the oldest Chinese medicine theory books in our country so far, is the foundation of the Chinese medicine, and is later known as the "originator of the doctors’ cases". Neijing is also an experience summary of scientific research about the ancients written two thousand years ago. Discussions related to diseases of Jijv in Neijing scattered among various papers, which recorded a lot of aspects of Jijv category, including the concept, pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnostic methods, syndrome, treatment and so on.Object: Based on Neijing, systematically organize, analyze summarized and explore research to disease theory about Jijv category in Neijing, deepen the diseases theory of Jijv in Neijing, and even the understanding of the theoretical system of Traditional Chinese Medicine, making the diseases theory of Jijv in Neijing systematic and standardized scattered in various papers, from the interpretation of disease name, naming, pathogenesis, syndromes, therapeutic therapy, medical records and other aspects, to explore the in-depth theory of Jijv in Neijing and research in diseases of Jijv in Traditional Chinese Medicine. In order to provide guidance and reference to clinical medicine belongs to the category of Jijv and related disorders and the treatment based on syndrome differentiation, to carry better forward to the Chinese national essence, to advocate non-toxic therapy, play the role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of diseases about Jijv type.Materials: This study is modeled by the plum version of "Huangdineijing Suwen" "Lingshu" published by the people’s Medical Publishing House proofread in 2012, the original is "important wide recharge Neijing Suwen"(Gu Congde sealed in the Ming Dynasty) and "Lingshuching"(Zhao Fuju block-printed in Jing Tang in the Ming Dynasty) published photocopy by the people’s Medical Publishing House in 1956. Selected representative 81 kinds of ancient medical books from the Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, among which 5 kinds in the Han Dynasty, 3 in Jin, 2 in the Sui Dynasty, 3 in Tang, 7 in the Song Dynasty, 3 in Jin Dynasty, 5 kinds in the Yuan, 19 kinds in the Ming Dynasty, 34 kinds in the Qing Dynasty, specific bibliographic as detailed in the annex. The selected reference books are "Ci Hai of Traditional Chinese Medicine", "Ci Hai", "Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Dictionary", "Kangxi dictionary", "Chinese Medical Dictionary", "Chinese Medical Terminology essence dictionary", "Concise dictionary of traditional Chinese medicine", "Words commonly used in ancient Chinese Dictionary" and so on, and with the aid of VIP, CNKI, Wan Fang and other network database.Methods: Using the literature theory research method, induct and consolidate articles about Jijv in Chinese medicine on the production, distribution, development law, distribution, characteristics, types and function, and to carry research on the law of between literature and literature development law. And using research methods of philology on the diseases of Jijv name text, to study from the nature, form and sound meaning, word formation law, origin, development, evolution, etc. The usage of genetic research method is to study the diseases of Jijv, development, transmission, treatment, prognosis of law.Reading Neijing comprehensively at first, then literally find the discussions related Jijv, and compile them one by one, on this basis, further to discover the syndrome which involves the diseases of Jijv. Search in accordance with the easy first to hard principle, which directly specified or easy to identify the Jijv syndrome, such as "maybe it is Jijv ", "People tend to get disease of Jijv in the intestinal", " Jijv is injury", "Insect or cold lead to Jijv ", " Jijv lead to retention " etc. Diseases of Jijv which without directly naming, through reference Neijing before and after the literature, by means of examples, combined with the notes to find out. According to the records in Neijing, and the different parts in main and collateral channels, viscera, muscles, skin, swelling or pain, position is fixed or not fixed tangible product block or mass, according to different parts, divided into Jijv occurred in five internal organs, Jijv originated from the six Fu organs and the extraordinary Fu organs, Jijv produced from the tendons, meridian, the original film, skin and other part.The proposed inclusion and exclusion criteria of diseases about Jijv, the main reference are relevant discussions in Huangdineijing, Nanjing, Chinese Medical Dictionary, Traditional Chinese Medicine Dictionary, The terminology of traditional Chinese Medicine essence Dictionary, Concise dictionary of traditional Chinese medicine words, Chinese Medicine Department of internal medicine, and combined with ancient medical case descriptions disease of Jijv. The aim of this article is to draw up disease of Jijv specific inclusion and exclusion criteria.The inclusion criteria of Jijv:① Disease clearly named as Ji, Jv or Jijv in Neijing.② Ji of five internal organs put forward in Nanjing.③General where cold cohesion, qi stagnation, blood stasis, phlegm, parasites, etc. in the five internal organs, six internal organs, tendons, meridians, body surface area, a kind of disease which impermanence lumps of separation and reunion or plot block hard unwavering, pain have fixed place.④Doctors later classified the plot block hard unwavering inner thoracoabdominal, in such circumstances pain gave place as Ji or such disease.⑤Doctors later classified the impermanence lumps of separation and reunion in thoracoabdominal, varying from hard to soft, pain did not given place as Jv or such disease.⑥The disease is recorded in the Neijing, consistent with the previous five, but syndromes did not explicitly name Ji, Jv or Jijv. The disease is recorded in the Neijing, those who meet the above criteria were included in Jijv category.The exclusion criteria of Jijv:① Syndromes were not explicitly named as Ji, Jv or Jijv in Neijing, norphysical-block or tumor syndromes were excluded.②The disease recorded in the Neijing, but does not meet the six inclusion criteria are intended to be excluded.Result: Carding scattered disease-related Jijv category recorded each chapter in Neijing, find out the Jijv, Ji, Jv, Xiji, Xiben, Fei qi, Fuliang, Bentun, Jiajv, blood Jia, worm Jia, Jia, water Jiabi, Jiqi, Changxun, Shijia, hernia Jia, worry Jia, Jinliu, Changliu, Xiliu, etc. 21 syndromes. Representative selected 11 major syndromes, from the disease name interpretation, According to the pathogenesis of the syndrome treatment, prognosis and outcome, etc., discussing in the form of studies reviewed.Xiji is fullness inside rib, inverse gas wheezing, a long-term recurrent syndrome. The disease is located in the hypochondrium, associated with the lung, liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, caused by cold pathogen, symptoms of rib flatulence inverse gas, with long duration of disease. For treatment, it is said among people that " thorn moxibustion are prohibited, plot for guidance on medication, drug cannot cure alone", doctors later put forward the acupuncture with medication, guide with medication, traditional Chinese medicine oral topical, and pure traditional Chinese medicine treatment. The author believes that the drug should be taken orally, warming spleen and stomach for dispelling cold, diffusing and regulating Qi function, adding clothing, paying attention to climate change, with supplemented by health guidance of patients treatment as well.Xiben is bump protruding under the right rib, which is accompanied by rapid breathing or coughing or spitting blood syndromes. This disease is seen at two ribs and diaphragm, involving the lung, spleen, heart, kidney, liver, gallbladder, stomach and intestines. The etiology and pathogenesis are cold evil, diet, emotional trauma, the manifestations are shortness of breath, asthma inverse coughing, chest tightness, inflation hypochondrium or vomiting blood, Neijing raised the point of "warming the needle and sudden insertion", and doctors later places acupuncture, moxibustion, diaphoresis, emesis, oral drug treatment treating Xiben, based on oral prescription, supplemented by acupuncture. However, I think that the treatment of Xiben should be the first to appease the visceral without evil, that is to say strengthen the kidneys before the lung therapy, and condition the spleen and lung at the same time, acupuncture and Chinese Medicine simultaneously.Feiqi is a disease of a convex which edge neat or not neatly below the costal region, unhealed after a long time can appear cough inverse, paludism symptoms. The disease is located in the hypochondrium and the liver, involving the lung and the stomach, the etiology and pathogenesis are cold pathogen invasion, five elements control disorders, emotional disorders, which cause evils follow the meridian flow inject into liver channel, which lead to stagnation of Qi and blood is not smooth. Clinical presentation with pain under bilateral ribs or meet with a convex lump, the pain start from the lower abdomen, or accompanied by irritability, eyes faint pain, stomach distention, left umbilicus has gas and beating, liver pulse deep wiry and so on. Neijing did not put forward therapy on it, and doctors later use emesis, oral administration, external application, acupuncture to treat it. However, I believe that the treatment of Feiqi should be to treat the spleen and stomach first, then regulating the liver and lung, dispelling cold while dredging meridian, and relief liver for smooth Qi.Bentun is Qi coming from the lower abdomen, rushed up to the heart and chest, upper and lower contacts as piglets, painful, lower limbs fell chill and stiffness, which is difficult to flexion and extension activities, excrement and urine barrier are blocked, with renal vein micro urgent syndromes. The disease located in the lower abdomen or between the navel and chest, related to kidney, liver, heart, lung, spleen, stomach, the pathogeny is caused by cold pathogen, emotional disorders, hernia disease, deficiency of Yang and other factors, pathogenesis is caused by the imbalance of yin and Yang, deficiency of Yang but cold strong, emotional stimulation, progress of hernia disease, organ dysfunction and the cold upward reversal, for the performance of reversed flow of qi and move errant uncertain. There are no effective treatments in Neijing, doctors later established oral method, acupuncture, moxibustion method, treatment with Chinese Medicine and acupuncture. In my opinion, Bentun should at first condition liver and lung, then comb the spleen and stomach, accompanied by warming up the kidney and cold dispelling as a rule.Fuliang is an abscess disease arisen from the abdominal cavity. The etiology is pathogenic cold, hot, malarial pathogen transmission, food stagnation, deficiency of Qi and blood. The disease is located under the heart down to the navel, involving the heart, kidney, lung, intestine, stomach and other organs. The manifestations are a pedicle around the disease location, the pain moves up and down, sometimes spit blood, or lower abdomen being wrapped in a lot of pus and blood, living outside the stomach and intestines, heart pulse micro delay. It is proposed by the "warming the needle and sudden insertion" rules in Neijing, and doctors later develop the treatment to oral Chinese medicine, acupuncture, guidance, diaphoresis, emesis, purgation method etc. I believe that the therapy should be heat clearing and detoxicating, expelling pus engender flesh, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, tonifying qi and blood, and emotion relieving depression.Jiajv is the syndromes for blood clotting into blocks firmly in the womb, which refers to occurring in women specifically. The etiology and pathogenesis are pathogenic cold, angry, hurt of diet, blood stasis due to new childbirth, expressed as a thready Chi and Cun pulse, while a large Guan pulse, prefer warm to cold, with waist abdomen cold pain, lumps in abdominal of impermanence separation and reunion, irregular menstruation, or amenorrhea. Disease is located in the womb or uterus, involving the kidney, liver, heart, spleen, stomach, bladder, small intestine, large intestine, Ren channel and Chong channel. There are treatments of Jiajv with oral Chinese Medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion, dietotherapy, purgation therapy and other methods in Neijing. The author thinks that we should warm channel and expel the cold, take oral prescription of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, supplemented by acupuncture method to conditioning channel Qi.Changxun is neoplasm like bacteria occurred in the abdominal outside of intestinal. The etiology and pathogenesis are cold pathogens from the outside get into the inside, dispersive within and outside of the stomach and intestinal, the cold evil damage to the kidneys and involvement in the lung, liver and colon, So the disease located in parenteral, uterus, Qi fen and blood system, involving the lung, stomach, spleen, liver, kidney and large intestine. The manifestations are small at beginning and gradually large, until abdominal convex shape such as pregnancy, painful when pressed and feel hard, removable when we push, but menstruation is not affected, or little effect, and it has a long duration period of the disease. There are no effective treatments in Neijing, doctors later use oral medicine, external application of Chinese medicine, acupuncture to treat Changxun, and put forward the idea that disease need to be paid attention of food taboos and forbid sexual intercourse. But I think the treatment of Changxun should treat scattered stasis with warm, cleanse and unblocked six internal organs mainly, balanced with the five internal organs of the rule of empty and full.Shijia is the syndrome of blood clot only born in the woman’s uterus. The disease located in the uterus, related with kidney, liver, gall bladder, spleen, heart, Chong channel and Ren channel. The etiology and pathogenesis are cold evil for disaster, which lead to qi stagnation and blood stasis until condensation. The symptom is as hard as stone, menstrual block or rarely, distending pain in the lower abdomen, afraid of the cold but enjoy warm. The therapy is to let it down out with desludge or diffusion, establish oral Chinese medicine and acupuncture method, which I believe Chong channel and Ren channel should be regulated and strengthened, promoting blood circulation and warming the channel to eliminate the stasis, oral medicine with slow-absorbing mainly to heal Shijia in uterus, pay attention to food, clothing and emotional adjustment in daily life.Jinliu is attached to the superficial parts of the human body, often occurred in the fascia. The etiology and pathogenesis of the evil invasion are staying on tendon, or angry injury liver turn into fire, consuming Yin and injury blood, tendons dystrophy to contracture and embossment. The disease is located in the back, wrist, involving the heart and liver. The performance is the superficial spasm of muscles coiled, solitary, press it is like tendon, if in the joints, prevent joint activities, slow development. The treatment is iron lead in Neijing, the doctors later tied it with button filament poached by Daphne genkwa, take the drug orally, topical, or surgical therapy. While I propose that the therapy should be stretch tendon for remitting contracture, conditioning of liver, spleen, heart primarily.Changliu is neoplasm caused by the evil accumulated in the superficial parts of the body channel for a long time, but not loose, which made body fluid accumulation, blood and Qi stagnation. The disease is located in the superficial parts of the body and intestinal. The etiology and pathogenesis is the evil in four seasons attack muscular form, leave and do not come loose, so that the body fluid be detained, qi stagnation and blood stasis, subcutaneous small vein circulation deposition and not smooth for long until to be Changliu. For the performance of single or multiple, as intestinal shape and feel soft when pressed, or sore and pain, or feel nothing, long duration of disease. Neijing and later ones did not put forward specific treatment measures, limited by ancient medical conditions, forbidding puncture and not advocating the treatment, some scholars believe that modern clinical superficial varicose veins just as Changliu. I believe that the disease can be taken orally decoction of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and the external elastic compression shrinkage, minimize standing, can be cured, but maintenance careless accidentally, relapse at any time.Xiliu are tendons spasm bulge under the skin, contiguous to clusters, development slowly with hard texture syndromes, the disease is located in the subcutaneous and muscle, which is related to lung, spleen, and liver, The etiology and pathogenesis are evils invasion accompanied by pathogen competing against physical state, which strand on the body surface difficult to leave and that stir the blood and body fluid cannot stay or run, lead to running sluggish, stagnant knot resistance, repeat a sense of evil, over a long time of period stagnate resistance junction portion increased to near gregarious trend. Its symptoms, slow onset, diverse from single to contiguous settlements, to the soft level at the first beginning, to the hard level lately, or fester at the last. Classical treatment of tumors Xiliu and doctors later showed no discussion about it. However, I believe that based on the different stages of tumor development past, Xiliu can be divided into three stages during the procedure of treatment, the initial getting priorities, heart liver and spleen; medium blood circulation dissolving hard nodules; the end of detoxification, drainage to rot, care drug myogenic, and make up blood and other methods to cure the disease.Conclusion:1. In this study, we card the content related about Jijv category in Neijing, among them,15 articles in Suwen, 12 chapters in Lingshu,the emergence of "Ji", "Jv" or "Jijv" chapter or words about 157, and find out 21 kinds of syndromes of Jijv category. To Jijv category in Neijing, comprehensive systematic from nonaggressive origin, classification due to etiology, pathogenesis, symptoms and therapy, organize and discuss them according to the order of the disease appeared in the article.2. Jijv in five viscera(the heart, spleen, liver, lungs and kidneys) includes Xiji, Xiben, Feiqi, Bentun and Fuliang, the disease mainly take place in five viscera, common disease is Ji from Jijv category, mostly real evil with visible shape, accumulate without disperse, the pain has fixed place, which is severe disease, appropriate treatment can be cured or converted to Jv disease.3. Jijv in six entrails(the gallbladder, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, bladder, triple burner) includes Jiajv, Intestines Tan, and parenteral, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, abdominal mass or volume blocks, common disease is Jv from Jijv category, mostly is invisible evil, accumulation or scatter is uncertain, the pain has no fixed place, the illness is lighter, improper treatment will make exacerbations or disease into Ji.4. Jijv non internal organs includes Shijia, Jiajv, Jinliu, Changliu and Xiliu, the exact location occur in the uterus, or occur in the tendons, the meridians, the original film, or occur in the superficial parts of the body, which can be characterized by a palpable sense when pressed, with visible shapes, pain or no pain, Jinliu, Changliu and Xiliu are not so harmful to life, and can survive with the sickness.5. Through the research, I provide a comprehensive and systematic treatment law to Fuliang, Xiji, Xiben, Feiqi, Bentun, Jiajv, Changxun, Jinliu, Changliu and Xiliu. The purpose of the study is to correct some treatments contrary to Neijing, and to make up for the shortcomings of these ancient medicine for the treatment of disease, hoping to fetch up the lack of ancient medical treatment of these diseases.