| The bud dormancy in perennial plants, which formed during a long evolutional process, is a biological adaptability to the changes of environmental factors and different seasons. In particular, it is a characteristic feature of buds dormancy of many species which are of ecological interest in multiplication and economic interest in wood production. Pinus sylvestris L.is a major species for sand-fixation and major source of timber in North China for its high genetic adaptability to tolerate severe climatic conditions.Importantly, it will not provide a reference frame for future studies such as selection of elite trees, genetic breeding if we can not understand the complex molecular mechanisms of induce or break bud dormancy. Bud dormancy is a complex physiological process characterized by the cellular activities that involve metabolism, stress/defense response, gene regulation, signal transduction, and cell formation.Although many significant mileposts have been reached in our understanding of mechanisms of seed dormancy in the past years.it is not clear for mechanistic regulation of bud dormancy. Proteomics has become a basic method for the largescale analysis of proteins in many fields of plant biology. In combination with the availability of genome sequence data, proteomics has opened up enormous possibilities for identifying the total set of expressed proteins as well as expression changes both during growth and development.We focus on 4 critical stages of apical buds of Pinus sylvestris I.within periods of dormancy that are typically transition during bud development in a systems biology approach to unravel the underlying morphologic observation of apical bud development in Pinus. To identify key proteins related to bud dormancy and burst, a proteomic approach is being utilized. 2-DE was done using apical buds of 4 critical stages during the dormancy-to-growth transitions in Pinus sylvestris as a result of subsequent 110 differential expression protein spots(were detected in Coommassie-stained gels within the 4-7 pH) related to different stages.It allowed the confident identification of 96 out of the 110 protein spots subjected to LC MS/MS that was used to generate tryptic peptide masses that were submitted to Mascot for identification, Of the differentially expressed proteins,74%(71 protein points), a putative function was assigned based on similarity of sequences with previously characterized proteins,26%(25 protein points) did not hit any protein or were hypothetical proteins.Proteins were classified into 7 groups subject to KEGG PATHWAY analysis based on their biological process/pathway categories, respectively,(1)Cell metabolism;(2)cell wall formation;(3)protein metabolism;(4) stress/defense response;(5)lignin biosynthetic process;(6)other cellular functions that involve carbohydrate metabolism, transcriptional regulation, signal transduction. In the present study, dormancy and breaking of buds and the participation of the hormones ABA and stress-induced protein in this process were analyzed by means of proteomics.A cell division cycle protein 48 which may control bud development was identified.A putative germination-associated cDNA,aconitase (Psy-ACO)were cloned by means of RACE-PCR; The high identity match to available aconitase sequence,it has character of ACO by analysis amino acid polypeptide encoded by Psy-ACO.Taken together, these results suggest that aconitase plays a role in regulating the bud development.This study expands our understanding of the changes in protein expression associated with the dormancy-to-growth transitions in Pinus sylvestris and provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of induce or break bud dormancy. It is important in both theory and application to forest genetic breeding. |
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