Study On Tabanidae (Diptera) In Gansu

Tabanidae insect's popular name is gadbee, belonging to Tabanidae, Brachycera, Diptera, Insecta. Among bloodsucking Diptera insects, Tabanidae insects are big in size, quantity of population and sucking blood. It can transmit diseases by biting and infesting and reduce quality of coat and quantity of milk by sucking blood, have become peculiar harm to some areas in China. The prataculture, forestry, veterinary, sanitation and anti-epidemic and technological personnel have already attached importance and study to it. Though the research of Tabanidae has already obtained some pleased achievement, the study on Tabanidae comparatively lagged behind mosguito, midge, fly and flea. Many problems will need be researched. For instance, the evaluation standard of classification technology is absent at home and abroad, the external morphology of many species are quite similar, they are difficultly distinguished by traditional morphology, the background is unclear, geographic information is unknown, which will restrict development of Tabanidae science and make lack in it's control basis. Therefore, finding out background and geographic information, external morphology of Tabanidae adult and fine structure changes in the law between species of female terminalia's subgenital plate will have important and far-reaching significance by deep study on Tabanidae in Gansu. Main study methods are capturing with net, trapping with person, tent, livestock and luring gadfly device morphology description, fine structure and ultrastructure. The main results are as follows:1. Study on morphological classificationThe study integrated the external morphology with internal structure, there are 84 species belonging to 6 genera in Gansu province, 10 species of Chrysops, 6 species of Atylous, 9 species of Haematopota, 29 species of Hybomitra, 29 species of Tabanus and 1 species of Isshikia; The troubled conditions about classification of C. plateauna, C. semiignitus, C. japonicus, C. potanini, H. hedini, H. pallens, T. trigeminus, T. mandarinus, T. takasagoenis, T. signatipennis, A. bivittateinus and A. miser among Tabanidae insects of Gansu were clarified. A new species(Haematopota qilianshanensis He,Liu et Xu) was found, which is the first time in the world; Two new record species(Hybomitra stigmoptera Olsufjev, Isshikia wenchuanensis Wang)were also found in the study, which is the first time in Gansu province; The identification keys for species, genus and subfamily of Tabanidae(Diptera)in Gansu were also given in the study by identification characteristics.2. Study on fine structure of terminalia's subgenital plateTabanidae specimens of 20 female adults: C. chaharicus Chen et Quo, 1949;C. sinensis Walker, 1856; A. miser Szilady, 1915, A. karybenthinus Szilady, 1915;A. horvathi Szilady, 1926; H. turkestanica Krober, 1922, H. kansuensis Krober, 1934; H. qilianshanensis He, Liu et Xu, 2008;Hy. kansuensis Olsufjev, 1967;Hy. expollicata Pandelle, 1883;Hy. morgani Surcouf,1912;Hy. mimapis Wang,1981; Hy. liupanshanensis Liu,1990;T. coreanus Shiraki,1932;T. shantungensis Ouchi,1943;T. signatipennis Portsch,1887;T. lushanensis Liu,1962;T. minshanensis Xu et Liu,1982;T. nipponicus Murdoch et Takahasi,1969 and T. budda Portschinsky, 1891.These species are quite similar on external morphologhy, they are difficultly identified by traditional morphologic classification. So the terminalias of 20 female adults were made dissection and observed fine structures and characteristics of subgenital plates. The study found different species'subgenital plate had different character in size, colour; Whether there was sclerotization or not, position and extent; depth and width of apical and basal margin's hollows;lateral process'position and size;basal angle's shape and size;whether there were hair,bristle and ruga or not, position and quantity etc. were obvious change.3.The characteristics of faunaThe study sorted out the Tabanidae specimens of Gansu deposited in the Specimen Collection of Medical Insect, Institute of Arbovirus Diseases and Biological Media of Lanzhou Command and Specimen Collection of Medical Insect, Academy of Military Medical Sciences and supplementarily investigated species of some areas in Gansu. The study found 84 species belonging to 6 genera, 2 subfamilies in Gansu. The fauna characteristics: Among them, 57 species belonging to palaearctic region are 67.86%, 16 species belonging to widespread species are 19.05% and 11 species belonging to oriental region are 13.09%. The composition and quantity of Tabanidae is different in every distribution area. There are 31 species belonging to 5 genera in southern hilly area of Longnan, among these species, 11 species of oriental region, 8 species of palaearctic region, 12 species are widespread species, the most species are distributed at this area. There are 28 species belonging to 5 genera in northern hilly area of Longnan,18 species of palaearctic region, 10 species are widespread species. There are 22 species belonging to 5 genera in grassland area of Gannan plateau, 18 species of palaearctic region, 4 species are widespread species. There are 2 genera and 5 species in loess plateau of Longdong, 2 species of palaearctic region, 3 species are widespread species,the composition is simple and species are the least in this area. There are 11 species belonging to 5 genera in loess plateau of middle part, among these species,6 species of palaearctic region, 5 species are widespread species. There are 28 species belonging to 5 genera in Hexi Corridor, 25 species of palaearctic region, 3 species are widespread species. There are 14 species belonging to 4 genera in hilly area of Qilian, 13 species of palaearctic region, 1 species are widespread species. The composition and fauna of Tabanidae in Gansu relate to latitude and vertical distribution.The terrain of Gansu is complex,Gansu province lies in convergence zone of north China, Neimenggu-Xinjiang, Qinghai-Tibet and central China, so there are many cross-borders species besides special species belonging to certain area.The distribution regions of species have characters of complexity and diversification and transition due to influences of location, geological features and ecological conditions.