A Study On Eco-agricultural Clusters Theory And Regional Practice

Ecological agriculture is the current aspiration of China agricultural development, representing the direction of modern agriculture development Industrial clusters as a global economic phenomenon, constitutes the basic space framework of contemporary world economic. Perspective from the industrial clusters seek to achieve the effective path of ecological agriculture sustained and healthy development,this is conducive to solute many outstanding problems or conflicts in China eco-agriculture construction, enhance the competitiveness of ecological agriculture industries, coordinate urban and rural development, prosperity regional characteristics economy, not only of great theoretical value, but also has important practical significance.In the content of this paper is divided into four parts, PartⅠ: diagnosis of the system. Based on the systematic analysis of China's ecological agriculture development, proposing the study perspective—eco-agriculture cluster; PartⅡ: construction of the system. From cluster system angle to propose the infrastructure of eco-agriculture cluster, analysis the mechanism of ecological agriculture cluster, design the evaluation index system of ecological agriculture competitiveness; PartⅢ: inspection of the system. Empirical analysis the development level of eco-livestock industry clusters in Dezhou(city domain) and the development of eco-fruit industry cluster in Qixia(county domain),to provide a reality foundation for the construction of ecological agriculture cluster theoretical system; PartⅣ:part of the system optimization. With China's reality, put forward some policy proposals which will help to accelerate our ecological agriculture cluster pace.The main study results (conclusions) are:First, co-agriculture construction is a complicated, systematic and dynamic interpretations of the process, is a multi-part, multi-joint participation of the main course, can not comment on itself, its development goals, function and the strategic choice should be based on the conditions and requirements in different economic region or the same region in different stages to planning, designing, assembling, operating and updating, which is the reality needs of China's ecological agricultural development. In addition, the development of ecological agriculture in China at this stage must follow two basic point:that is, market-oriented and regional advantages, if we leave the two points to blind development our ecological agriculture, in practice, it is very difficult work, it's unrealistic and not sensible.Second, industrial cluster as a very important economic phenomenon in industrial world in 1960s,is an important feature of industrial organization development, has a wide range of success. Industry cluster not only exist in developed countries and regions, should also exist in developing countries and regions; not only exists in the high-tech industries, also exist in traditional industries. Nurture and build regional industry cluster is an effective way to enhance regional economic competitiveness, it is the inevitable trend of economic development, and industrial clusters from the industrial areas to agricultural areas of infiltration or change will be a historical necessity.Third, China's slow pace or the disruption for promotion in ecological agriculture development, the key reason is eco-agriculture construction is still in a scattered and disorderly state, is typically an "government active + farmers passive" type, not suit for the request of ecological agriculture industrialization, it is not possible to respond to natural and market risks, compared with other industries in general do not have clear competitive advantage, lack of productivity. Analysis of the view that the solution of this problem or entry point should be in ecological agriculture organization construction, and the construction of ecological agriculture cluster is an effective path choice for ecological agriculture organization building under the market economy conditions.Forth, ecological agriculture cluster development is essentially a unique organizational structure of the game to participate in the "collective action", the cluster has its own utility function (farmers, agricultural enterprises, with the support of industry-related companies (organizational), Consumers, government, etc.).Eco-agriculture farmers which is the basis of cluster components, agricultural leading enterprises is the core component of the cluster, industry-related companies (organization) is the supporting components, consumers are source of power in ecological agriculture clusters, and government is the macro-control role. It is a close cooperation organic whole between the participants.Fifth, discuss the mechanism of ecological agriculture cluster. Analysis of the view that differences in agricultural resource endowment is the incentive for ecological agriculture cluster; economies of scale and scope is an important force for ecological agriculture clusters; cluster study is the continuing momentum of ecological agriculture cluster advantage; cooperation and game is the internal mechanism of ecological agriculture cluster; path dependence is the basis of cluster growth. And pointed out that in guiding the development of ecological agriculture cluster, five aspects play a role at the same time, and its certainly not in isolation. In clusters at different stages of development, the focus of the mechanism should also be different; there may be contradictions or conflicts in a certain extent. However, with the cluster stage evolving, role of the coupling between the different levels will also further deepened, the effect of mechanism will also further manifested.Sixth, construct the competitiveness evaluation index system of ecological agriculture cluster. The results show that for the first grade index, the greatest impact is the main body layer, to be followed by efficiency layer, product layer, elements layer and organization layer. Secondly, from the second grade index(of indicators) of each first grade index(of criteria),agricultural leading enterprises and the government play the most important status and role. the weight of economic benefits is largest in the efficiency layer. From this we can infer that, firstly, the key of formation ecological agriculture cluster competitiveness is whether we possess a development team which can form a cluster in accordance with the concept of eco-agriculture. Secondly, although the target of China's ecological agriculture development repeatedly stressed on eco-efficiency, economic and social benefits of integration and at the same time, but in fact, achieve this goal is more difficult, the ecological and social benefits must be built on good economic returns, if we avoid the economic benefits to one-sided pursuit the eco-efficiency and social benefits, it will be very difficult.Seventh, case analysis and findings show that, on the one hand, ecological agriculture cluster concept in practice has been successful prototype, the competitive edge is increasingly appear; on the other hand, farmers have a weak sense of clusters, the ability to promote agricultural enterprises is not strong, farmers cooperation organization slackly, the incentive and monitoring mechanisms missing, these influence and has hampered the speed and quality of China's regional eco-agriculture cluster construction in a large extent.Eighth, building ecological agriculture clusters at this stage should focus on doing following work: do a good strategic planning of ecological agriculture cluster; training and enhancing the eco-business sense of participants; focus on support and nurture leader enterprises in ecological agriculture development; strengthen the construction of farmers cooperation organization; strengthen product quality and brand building; strengthen the related policies and regulations and system construction.