Studies On Cultural Techniques Of Forage Crops And Models Of Combining Farming And Animal Husbandry In Farming-grazing Transitional Zone In Inner Mongolia

Based on the status of agriculture and animal husbandry, the structural adjustment of agriculture,the land desertification and the characteristics of forage shortage under the non-grazing politics,the strategy of planting forage crops for raising livestock is put forward in Inner Mongolia.After the forage varieties introduction,the cultural techniques of high yield and quality of Jumbo, Nutrifeed,Algonquin and Keduo4 were studied by methods of field and laboratory experiments.According to feeding standards of cow and lamb,nutritive value of forage crops,the feed formulas of cow and lamb in different stages were drawn up.At last,the cropping patterns of forage crops for raising cow and lamb were laid down by the feed formulas and yields of forage crops.Some conclusions by the study as follows:1. The shortage of green forage is a key factor which restricts animal husbandry development under the non-grazing politics.Jumbo,Nutrifeed, Agonquin with characteristics of high yield and quality,multiple resistances and cuttings,are ideal forage crops for animal husbandry.2. As the nutritive value of Jumbo decreases with the plant height increasing, cutting at the right moment is an effective way to maintain higher yield and quality. The hay yield of one-time-cutting is the highest,while the nutritive value of three-time-cutting is the summit in the growing period.The yields increase with the planting density from 13.5×104 plant/hm2 to 22.5×104 plant/hm2,meanwhile the effect of increase yield of the first cutting is more significantive than the that of the second cutting.The order of the effects of N,P and K fertilizers on the yield is N>P>K,and N-P,P-K positive interactions lead to the yield increasing with P,K in condition of higher N level.Continuous cultivation results in the yield reducing,but the decreasing extent is small under higher fertilization.3. Due to strong tillering ability and long tillering stage, Nutrifeed presents on clump plant morphology.Cutting before the jointing stage not only reduces the nutritive matter loss ,which results from lots of withered tillers ,but also benefits the regrowth and keeps high nutritive value.Its regrowth rate with 15cm stubble is higher than that with 10cm and 5cm .The hay yield of one-time-cutting is the highest in the three cutting ways,while its nutritive qualitiey is the lowest,but it is on the counter for the three-time-cutting.4. Basal dressing of superphosphate and potassium chloride not only affects the yield of Algonquin but also affects the quality.Top dressing potassium chloride benefits on the yield and the root .In view of effects of cutting times on yield,quality,root and its contents of nitrogen and carbohydrate,the appropriate cutting times is four in irrigation fields.The yield of cutting with 5cm stubble is higher than that of with 10cm,but the extent decrease with cutting order.Planting Algonquin can be betterment of field for its flourish root.The stubble weight of Algonquin is 2.43 times higher than that of corn per unit area,thus the deflation of Algonquin field is only 41. 8% of corn field in spring.5. Comparison of forage nutritive value for the three corn cultivars shows that KeduoNo.4 fits in planting for ensiling in the study area.The appropriate harvest date is after 15th September.The nutritive value of harvest advancement is better than that of harvest late,but the dry matter yield is lower.The trial of nitrogen application and planting density shows ,the optimum nitrogen application is 231.72kg/hm2, and the planting density is 51911plant/hm2.Its cultural techniques of lodging-resistant includes lower density,intertillage with other lodging-resistant crops and cautious irrigation in autumn.6. Sequential cropping forage crops after wheat is an effective way of solving ensilage shortage and the problem of sequential cropping .In the sequential cropping crops,corn is better than Jumbo and Redroot amaranth.Jinshan3 is the best one in the five corn cultivars.Its fresh yield,dry matter yield,crude protein yield and output value is 91.53t/hm2,19.07t/hm2, 1.07t/hm2 and 7322.0$/hm2 respectively.7. The cropping pattern of forage crops for raising a cow(milk crop of 6100kg) is as follows: Jumbo,Algonquin0.081hm2 respectively for green forage and hay;common corn 0.157hm2,the grain as energy feed and the stem as ensilge; Keduo No.4 0.013hm2 for ensilage;forage beet 0.014hm2,the root as adjustment forage in winter and the leaf as supplementary green forage in October.The total area is 0.346hm2.The annual benefit of a cow is 5973.78$, 2.39 times of a cow in condition of traditional husbandry.The total benefit of the model is 17265.26 $/hm2, 3.94 times of corn planting.8. The cropping pattern of forage crops for fattening one hundred lambs is as fllows: Nurifeed 0.35hm2 and Algonquin 0.25hm2 for green forage; common corn 0.154hm2, the grain as energy feed and the stem as roughage forage for sheep in winter or as adjustment forage for fattening lamb. The total area is 0.754hm2.The benefit of one hundred lambs is 8139.9$ in the 90 days fattening period, 1.63 times of traditional husbandry.The total benefit of the model is 10795.6$/hm2, 2.4 times of corn planting.