Function And Value Of Soil & Water Conservation Ecological Services

In this study, soil and water conservation, ecology, ecological economics theory as a guide, soil and water conservation function of ecological services division base on comprehensive analysis of China's soil erosion and soil and water conservation on. Use a variety of methods to evaluate the ecological functions of Soil and Water Conservation value and the status and dynamic changes of the ecological services function capacity. According to the status quo value of soil and water conservation ecological services on the national ecological regionalization, explore the ways and methods of the Soil and Water Conservation ecological services compensation. Main research results as follows:1 Soil and Water Conservation ecological services functional definition refers to the process of soil and water conservation and the use of various measures to maintain, improvement and protection of human society and human survival in the natural environment for the comprehensive effectiveness, including the maintenance and water conservation, maintain and improve soil function of maintaining biodiversity, carbon fixation and oxygen release, air-cleaning, sand-fixing and maintaining the landscape seven functions, which functions of the former three is main functions.2 Soil Conservation Service ecological value of the concept of assessment: In particular scale and scope of regional soil and water conservation measures for the human and social services provided by the monetary measurement research. Among them, maintain and improve soil conservation value through conserving soil, reduce sedimentation and reduce soil erosion to measure; maintain and water conservation function through the protection of water resources and flood prevention measure; Air-cleaning through absorption value of SO₂, reduce the absorption of fluoride and dust to measure; carbon fixation and oxygen release through vegetation value oxygen absorption of CO₂ and O₂ release to measure; maintain biodiversity functions, sand-fixing and wind preservation functional and the environment landscape function their evaluation index and function have the same name.3 Preliminary estimates the National Soil and Water Conservation ecosystem services volume value of the status quo: protection and conservation of water ecosystem services amount to 5.92 billion m³, maintain and improve the soil ecosystem services of a total of 8.09 billion tons. The various zones of ecological services for the overall ranking: Northwest >Southwest> South China> North China> Northeast; In additional, grass and forest measures, ecological restoration and project measures on the ecological services-oriented effect, and ecological restoration and the grass and forest measures more important than the projects measure; Simply take a soil and water conservation measures of soil and water significantly lower than the results of the effect of comprehensive measures.4 In 2003, additional soil and water conservation measures with a total value of ecological services for 10.021 billion yuan. Among them, maintain and improve soil and water conservation have a largest value. Sand-fixing and wind preservation functional is rather important in "Three North" area.5 Northeast, north China, northwest, south and southwest of five patches in 1950 ～ 1990, 1991, ～2005, 2006～2010, three periods of ecological services value is 74.668 billion yuan, 141.764 billion yuan and 172.692 billion yuan.6 Rainfall, soil erosion modulus, biological diversity and GDP was significantly correlated with ecological services total value, Soil bulk density, >10℃ accumulated temperature, wind speed, the average annual sunshine hours with total value is relevant intergovernmental relations, only with the total value of the average air humidity, altitude is not significant. The total value of ecological services is more sensitive.7 National water and soil conservation ecological services division to be three types of areas: water and soil conservation service fragile ecological zones (I), sensitive district of soil and water conservation ecological services (II) and ecological monitoring district (III).8 Soil and Water Conservation ecological services should be viewed as public goods; in the development process should be used for ecological compensation. Ecological compensation funds come from four ways: Region II, III region rely on industries, compensation for damage to sectors that benefit from benefit sectors; when resources development in I, the deposit should be paid to the development of enterprise compensation; II, III district through watershed ecological compensation for I district; establishment of a fund through all people taxes collected to co-ordinate arrangements for inter-generational compensation.9 In ecologic compensation strength, compensation strength to carry out full compensation to I and the soil and water conservation ecological services value is lower boundary; II ecological compensation intensity should do to meet "the necessary compensation" and "full compensation" according to local conditions, the soil and water conservation ecological services value is upper - limit; Soil and water conservation construction input can be as its upper - limit to III district.