Bioactive Components Of Phacellaria Compressa Benth., Gymnosporia Varialilis Loes. And Buddleja Brachystachya Diels

Three plants, Phacellaria compressa Benth., Gymnosporia varialilis Loes. and Buddleja brachystachya Diels. were chemically studied. 1. 95% Ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Phacellaria compressa Benth. showed α-amylase inhibitory activity. Two new compounds, 1-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane (1) and 5,7,3′-trimethyoxyflavan-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2) were isolated from the EtOH extract of the dried aerial parts of P. compressa Benth., together with 2,3-bis[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-methyl]-1,4-butanediol (3), ethyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (4), methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (5), β-sitosterol (6), 5,7,3′,4′-tetrahydroxyflavan (7), lupeol (8), zhebeiresinol (9), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (10), (+)-catechin (11), betulin (12), β-daucosterol (13), (+)-syringaresinol (14), scopoletin (15) and proximadiol (16). Their structures were determined by spectral evidence or by comparing them with authentic samples. Zhebeiresinol (9) was the α-amylase inhibitory active constituent. 2. 95% Ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Gymnosporia varialilis Loes. showed angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. Thirty-three compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanolic extract of the aerial part of G. varialilis Loes.. Thirty of them were identified as prinsepiol (17), (+)-pinoresinol (18), (-)-pinoresinol (19), (-)-syringaresinol (20), (+)-cycloolivil (21), (-)-olivil (22), 1-hydroxypinoresinol (23), ilelatifol D (24), scopoletin (15), β-amyrin acetate (25), α-amyrin acetate (26), fupenzic acid (27), (+)-catechin (11), secoisolariciresinol (28), palmitate-1-monoglyceride (29), phytol (30), caffeic acid (31), 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid (32), (-)-massoniresinol (33), tanegool (34), β-sitosterol (6), lupeol (8), betulin (12), β-daucosterol (13), oleanolic acid (35), ursolic acid (36), (-)-olivil monoacetate (37), 3-oxoolean-9(11),12-diene-30-oic acid (38), 2α,3β-dihydroxyurs-12-en-11-on-28-oic acid (39) and 3α,27-dihydroxylup-20 (29)-en-28-oic acid methyl ester (40). (+)-Catechin (11) and caffeic acid (31) were the ACE inhibitory active constituents. 3. 95% Ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Buddleja brachystachya Diels. showed angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. Eleven compounds were obtained from the 95% ethanolic extract of the aerial part of Buddleja brachystachya Diels. On the basis of spectral evidence, they were identified as apigenin (41), rutin (42), quercetin (43), E-p-hydroxycinnamic (44), β-sitosterol (6), β-daucosterol (13), stigmasterol (45), luteolin (46), syringaldehyde (47) and kumatakenin (48). Apigenin (41), quercetin (43) and luteolin (46) were ACE inhibitory active constituents. 4. New compounds from Maytenus species between 1995-2005 and their biological activities were summarized.