Studies On Balance Fertilization And Nutrition Management In Moso Bamboo Forests

Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. Pubescens)is a kind of the highest economy value bamboo variety as used for stuff and bamboo shoots. Along with the increase of the requirement and the intensive farming, the productivity of soil is decline severity in bamboo forest. To realize the sustainable production of bamboo forest, this project carried through systematic research on balance fertilization measures and nutrient management in intensive bamboo forest firstly, under the theoretical guidance of ecosystem nutrient balance. The major achievement as follows: Soil nutrient exhaustion under the intensive farming of Moso bamboo forest is serious. It caused the soil nutrient content level low. Result showed that the deficiency degree of soil available nutrient take turns as P, N, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, S and B. The soil has a strong adsorption and fixation ability on P (above 44%) and the ability are different with the different bamboo forest soils. The critical values of bamboo leaves N and K content in Fengxing county are 2.713% and 1.275% respectively. The critical SPAD value of chlorophyll instrument determination for bamboo leaf is 36.99. Vector diagnostic method is more comprehensive than the critical value method and the DRIS method on the diagnose of bamboo nutrient requirement. There is semi-variance structure in soil nutrient status. The soil variance tune ranged 24 m³98 m. Bamboo forest soil nutrient spatial distribution in common year is more complicated than the rich and poor year and the homogenization of the spatial distribution is worse. The structure variance of soil nutrient is bigger than the random variance. Fertilization increased the bamboo production and improved quality significantly. It also reduced the exhaustion of bamboo forest soil fertility. The soil total N and total P content is: fertilization treatment> assart treatment> contrast treatment. Soil available N content showed largest effect on the yields of bamboo shoots and stuff. Treatment N2P1K1 increased bamboo shoot yield 90.72% over contrast treatment. Treatment N₁P₁K₂ showed the highest bamboo shoot outgrowth ratio over contrast. Large amount of N nutrient is needed in bamboo shooting stage. Compare with contrast treatment, N₂P₂K₂ and N₁P₁K₂ treatments increased the chest diameter of new bamboo plant by 11.2% and 10.3%. Bamboo shoots from fertilization treatment showed higher protein, sugar, fat, Vc and fibre content over no fertilizer treatment, for example sugar content increased 38.7%. The leaf area index of N₁P₁K₂ treatment is 11.1. It is 65% higher than assart contrast treatment. Fertilization response and yield increase potential in the bamboo forest with common year is better than the forest with rich and poor year. The average chest diameter of I degree bamboo plant showed best relationship with the diameter of new bamboo shoot, the next is the influence of II and III degree bamboo to bamboo plant numbers. Balance fertilization has obvious economic benefits. Compare with contrast treatment, fertilization treatment increased net income RMB 2940 Yuan/ha per year. The profits from one kg pure nutrient of treatments N1P1K2, N2P1K1 and N2P1K2 were RMB 13.97, 11.27 and 10.17 Yuan respectively. Based on N2P1, the K1 level showed smallest limit production in all the K application levels, and that indicated the best economic benefit could be obtained from K1 level. A reasonable balance fertilization rate can preserve the fertilizer efficiency for several years in some fields, for example, increase the bamboo chest diameter, promote the growth of bamboo shoots and improve the outgrowth of bamboo shoots. Contrast with the rich and poor year bamboo forest, common bamboo forest exhausted more soil nutrient and has no-obvious residue effect of fertilization. The fertilization practice in Fengxing bamboo forest is contented with the objective of ecological balance fertilization and sustainable farming. The better formula comprehensive values are raked as: N1P1K2> N2P2K2> N2P1K2>N2P1K1> N1P1K1> N1P1> CK (assart). The result indicated that low level fertilization can not recruit the heavy exhaust of the high production in the bamboo forest, and K element has an important affect on the cultivate of the bamboo forest, soil fertility maintain and keep nutrient balance. Apply the "3S"technique, the author used figures and information system to manage the key factors of production and the soil nutrient status of intensive bamboo forest, and the bamboo nutrient management information system has strong power on data management and query. It can monitor the bamboo growing and nutrient status in the selected area dynamically, it can also make estimation, make soil nutrient diagnose, evaluation and make instruction on balance fertilization.