Research On Xi'an Modern Architecture (1840-1949)

The modern architecture(1840-1949) reflected the historical characteristics of the modern society changing from the traditional society to the contemporary society. It is one of the important link in the historical development chain of the architectural culture. Around the world, the status and the importance of the research and protection of modern architectural heritage was gradually realized by people that it becomes the latest domain and topic in the field of the architectural heritage protection. The Chinese modern architecture, as an indispensable part of Chinese architectural heritage and an organic composition of Chinese modern cities'appearance, its historical and cultural value has been realised by people,and research on it becomes more and more deeply. Presently, the relatively weak research on inland areas'modern architecture starts to obtain attention and becomes one of the main tendencies of current Chinese modern architecture research. Xi'an modern architecture reflects the architectural development of Chinese interior general cities in modern times, meanwhile it is an important chain link in the Xi'an city history and the material testimony of Xi'an modern architecture development, so research on it has great value and significance.Based on the literature search, the general survey and investigation of Xi'an modern architecture(1840-1949), the paper has conducted a thorough research on Xi'an modern architecture about its development process, its type and typical examples, the architecture characteristic, the value assessment and the its protection.First, take Xi'an modern society's (1840-1949) political, economical, historical and cultural vicissitudes as the background, take the survey and investigation of Xi'an modern architecture as the basis, the paper makes an historical period of the development process of Xi'an modern architecture:Emerging Period (1840-1911), Developing Period (1911-1945) and Stagnation Period (1945-1949). It also analyzes the relationships between each stage and the geographic and traffic conditions of Xi'an and the politics, military, economical, social and cultural development of China in modern times.Next, a study on different types of Xi'an modern architecture (1840-1949):foreign religious architecture, industrial architecture, public architecture and residential architecture. The author made a detailed analysis about each type's development situation, its typical existing examples and their performance and characteristics.The change of Xi'an modern architectural type reflects the transformation of modern social life.Third, this paper makes a conclusion to the characteristic of Xi'an modern architecture (1840-1949) in architectural type, form and style, construction technology (material, structure and equipment), interior decoration, construction system and troop. Then it compares Xi'an modern architecture's characteristic with that of Xi'an traditional architecture and the coastal port city's modern architecture. With these vertical and horizontal comparisons, we may see more clearly about the historical characteristic and the regional characteristic of Xi'an modern architecture.Fourth, through analyzes the existing value assessment systems of architectural heritage and the situation and characteristic of Xi'an modern architectural heritage (1840-1949), this thesis creates Xi'an modern architectural heritage assessment system by using the methods of AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and Delphi (The expert investigation method). Through evaluating Xi'an modern architectural heritage, its unique historical value, emotional value, artistic value, scientific value, function value and environmental value can be excavated and exhibited comprehensively. And the use of the MCE (Modern Comprehensive Evaluation) and Excel on statistical analysis of the assessment will make the the result have the guidance significance.Finally, this paper carries on the statistical analysis and the cross-over analysis with SPSS (Statistical Program for Social Sciences) software to analyzing the present situation of Xi'an modern architecture(1840-1949), and according to its research and protection problems of unclear status, insufficient research, undefinited value, poor protection, proposes the protection suggestions of clarifying it status, excavating and exhibiting its value and preserving on scientific and reasonable way.