Research On Modeling Method Of GIS-Based Railway Location System Intellgent Environment

Railway location is a synthetic work concerning railway design,and a process of multi- objective decision making that is characteristic of creativeness,practicalness and much knowledge.The process is:according to community economy,natural and ecological environment of concerning project,by studying at a large area and then gradually focus on specific problem,to determine railway main technical standard and spatial location,locate all kinds of constructions.The decision making process is restricted by terrain, hydrological,geologic factor and land use,meet technical codes and traffic needs,need to handle information that is qualitative,quantitative,deterministic or probabilistic,with form of character,numeric value,graph and image.The process also does not has consistent evaluating indicator.So the process is very difficult and cannot be solved by numeric model.With the development and use of CAD,and push of the integration of railway survey and design,the speed and quality of railway location has make great stride forward. But some basic problems of traditional method,such as few scheme,long decision period, intense labor,and lack of valid justification to adopted scheme,has not conquered.The importance,complexity and creativeness of railway location determine that it is necessary to further study the design method.Common software methods cannot tackle existing problems effectively,so it is significant to study intelligentizing railway location.After analysis of the situation of artificial intelligence application in road and railway location,and the character of railway Location,a conclusion can be drawn that,in order to actualize automatization of railway location,intelligent design method should:cognize and utilize geographic information,combine the intelligent function of human and computer, integrate method of character and numeric value,construct a uniform railway location knowledge model at a top abstract level.So,this thesis put forward GIS-based Railway Location Intelligent Environment(GBRLIE) as a synthetic solution.GBRLIE is a compound human-machine collaborative intelligent information system,based on GIS and knowledge engineering and with situated interface,which is capable of handling complex problem as experts,which pursues synthetic knowledge use and can act as assistant and educator.The main contributions of this thesis are:1) Ontology modeling method of GBRLIE is put forward and railway location domain onthologies is given.In light to lessons of knowledge system developing,the conclusion that railway design knowledge should be modeled is arrived at.After analysis of the requirement of railway location knowledge model in knowledge sharing and interoperability,and the essence of Ontology,Ontology is put forward as railway knowledge model method.In light to GBRLIE characters,GBRLIE anthologies is modeled with UML by Visio and improved iterative software engineering method,which include rail line ontology,railway location geographic environment ontology,rail line evaluation ontology.Also,in order to describe formal ontology,a method based on O-O technique and lightly extended UML is come up with.2) Human-machine collaborative knowledge representation,acquisition and utilization technology in GBRLIE.a) Knowledge of railway location is divided into Computer Oriented Knowledge(COK) and Domanial Person Oriented Knowledge(DPOK),both of which are erected on ontology,and connected to each other by Concept-Relation Dictionary(CRD).b) The conceptual model of DPOK is represented by semantic network, and is described by knowledge forest with meta-Knowledge in real use by O-O and Microsoft flow-document technology,c) COK also is represented by O-O technology: factual Knowledge is depictedby ordinary class with special fields;rule is depicted by a model of hierarchy and bi-formalization;problem solving knowledge is described as control knowledge which act as inference strategy of inference machine and can separate from inference machine,d) A Propose and Goal Test Generic Inference machine(PGTGI) is proposed and realized,which solve problem by approach as:coming up with a possible scheme,then reasoning and test if the goal is met.e) character reasoning and numeric calculation can be integrated by adopting uniform model and developing component inference machine.3) Technologies of geographic knowledge and information acquisition in GBRLIE. Firstly,According to task levels of Geographic Information Acquisition and Utilization (GIAU) in GBRLIE,a human-machine collaborative GIAU model is proposed.Then method of construct geo-database scheme based on ontology and remote sense image is introduced.Afterword,approach of terrain analysis,terrain visualization and rail line evaluation knowledge acquisition based on geographic information is put forward. Eventually method of automatically generating initial horizontal alignment according to raster least cost path and railway location knowledge is bring forward.In order to generate feasible path among multi control Points,the Dijkstra algorithm is improved by using Knight Neighbor mode and cost model considering bridge,tunnel,profile grade and length concerning cost.With PGTGI,horizontal alignment curve auto setting can be easily fulfilled.By gradual dichotomy approaching and alignment curve auto setting,least cost path can be convert to initial horizontal alignment that meet design code.4) An intelligent railway location platform based on GIS is set up.Based on GIS,with unified railway location knowledge,human-machine collaborative design thought and model,knowledge modelling method of unifying software and knowledge engineering knowledge,and PGTGI,the intelligent railway location platform established.5) Railway location methods in GBRLIE is bring forward.a) Problem solving method (PSM) is represented by method ontology described by UML and O-O technology. According to actual needs of railway location Multi- Objective Decision Making(MODM) and Innovative Multi-Objective Design(IMOD) method ontology are brought forward.The former is the reusable method tackling MODM task,and the latter use "Propose-Filter-Improve(PFI)" method to solve IMOD.b) By adapting method ontology to domain use,MODM and IMOD method ontology are put into use to handle railway local scheme and accordingly profile auto design.c) A new approach of railway Main Technical Criteria Decision(MTCD) is put forward,based on PFI design thought,terrain visualization and Human-machine collaborative GIAU model in GBRLIE.The approach takes the advantages both of traditional MTCD and synthetic MTCD method,also avoids shortcoming of the both. 6) For testing the possibility and scientificity of proposed method in this thesis,Rapid Location Prototype System of New Railway Alternatives(RLPSNRA) is put forward and fulfilled,with its architecture,main function and implementing method.The test results of this system manifest that the theories are correct and methods are practical.Results of this thesis provide theories and operatable method for realization of railway location automatization and intelligentization.Though the study of GBRLIE is aimed to new railway design,the results can be used to solve design problem concerning reconstruction or double-tracking existing railway by improving.They also can be used to road location.Furthermore,those theories and methods can be referred by other people if they hope to tackle problems with regard to spatial decision or civil engineering design which has the same characteristics as railway location.