| Novice drivers are accident repeaters in traffic system. This does something important with driving experience. However, the experiences are accumulated during first few years after they get driving license which is a traffic accident occurs frequently period. It is a contradiction. During this period, new drivers' physiological and psychological factors play an important role in driving safety. Novice drivers' attention ability, tension, information processing and autobiographical sense are deeply studied in this thesis. Some inherent factors which influence novice drivers' driving safety are uncovered.First of all, novice drivers' attention ability is discussed by borrowing ideas from cognitive science those are task switching and dual task studying mode. New drivers' attention concentrating, attention diversion, attention distributing and attention extension are tested in this thesis. Allowing for these characteristics of attention ability possess deflections, those data getting from testing are disposed respectively. Results show that the basic attention ability remains scarcely difference between novice drivers and experienced drivers. But, when it comes to simulative driving scene, the attention ability is different distinctly between those two groups. New drivers' anti-jamming in attention concentrating is not so good as experienced drivers (MD=22.69, P=0.03; MD=23.55, P=0.04). Novice drivers' attention distributing is poorer than experienced drivers (MD=-1.47, P=0.01). New drivers' attention diversion is different remarkably from experienced drivers (MD=69.54, P=0.03). The former' switching speed are slower. On the other hand, the task switching between them shows little difference (P=0.65). Novice drivers and experienced drivers have scarcely any differences in attention extension (MD=1.93, P=0.81).Secondly, stress during novice drivers' is probed into in this thesis. Above all, the source of driving stress is discussed. It includes stresses from driving task, driving role and driving environment. Further more, new drivers' stress under two typical situations in driving is tested. Novice drivers go through stress when overtaking happens. At the same time, their heart rate changes remarkably. The second typical situation is rainy day. New drivers undergo stress too in this situation. What is more, they are inclined to reduce their driving speed.Thirdly, novice drivers' driving information processing ability is discussed. Based on the analysis of driving behavior, such as complexity, fuzzy trait, randomicity, associativity, continuity, mutation, self-educated and self-adapted, new drivers typical information processing ability is tested. What makes new drivers' this kind of ability different from experienced drivers is not the quantity but the speed. Test results show that new drivers' driving speed estimation ability is not good as experienced group (p<0.05). That is, when the driving speed increasing or reducing new drivers' estimating ability is worse than the other group. So is the speed holding situation.Finally, novice drivers' autobiographical sense is studied. According to some former studies, the scale is formed to test new drivers' autobiographical sense. In this thesis, 6 factors and 25 items are brought forward. On the basis of this, questionnaire about autobiographical sense is erected. SPSS is used to process the data after testing. 20 items are chosen to test new drivers' autobiographical sense at last. Hermeneutic shows 70.23%. After reliability and validity testing, the scale of new drivers' autobiographical sense is formed which includes 5 factors and 20 items.
|
PDF Full Text Request