A Synthesis Evaluation & Urban Planning Of Geology, Environment, Resources For The Area Around The Dianchi Lake

Now the industrialization and the urbanization are developing rapidly, and the economic growth model of the city as the center has been sustained so far. The human being has the greatest demand for the resources consumption, beyond any previous period, and the interference in environment reach the maximum of the degree. At present about 45 percent of the global population of 6 billion are living in cities, which forms the center of resource consumption and environmental disturbance center, taking the city as the core, and the trend is strengthening with the industrialization and urbanization increasing. The urbanization process is making the undisturbed geological environment worse and worse. From the 20th century onwards, it has been noted that the unique geological disasters arise in the course of urban development and that the contradiction between urban growth in the scale and the geological environment constrain the urban sustainable development. And people started to study the relation of the city and the geological environment from multiple perspectives, and to search after the sustainable urban development model based on the resources and the geological environment. In the late of 1970s, urban-geology came into being, and became an important part of the urban planning.After the 1990s, in Kunming the urban construction and economic development has entered into the fastest period of the development history. In a hurry to pursue the pace of development and speeding up the process of urbanization increased the pressure on the geological environment supporting the urban development and became the bottleneck of the further development. In the impact of the special geographical- geological environment and the human activities, the environmental geology problems of Kunming city were of special in the type and the distribution, covering almost the water resources, slope geological disasters, karst, as well as variety of familiar geological disasters related with special rock mass and soil, being a typical exhibition hall of geological disasters. During this period, the urban development in the resources and the environment encountered two major problems. Firstly, there was a shortage of water resources,gradually intensified, manifested mainly in urban water demand increasing rapidly and the urban water crisis caused by limited natural water resources and water pollution intensified. The degree of surface water and groundwater pollution reached an unprecedented level, and water resources became the most important issue constraining Kunming's development. Secondly, the issue of tense urban construction land would be inevitably encountered in the process of rapid urbanization. City Plane expansion led to rapid conversion of land type, not only in the predominant contradiction caused by misuse of agricultural land as urban construction sites, there were also some suitability issues occurring between preexisted city zone, planning area and geological environment. Therefore, settling well the problem of the water and land resources has become the urgent and primary task in the process of sustainable development of Kunming city.The article was written based on the projects(1996-2010)of survey and evaluation of urban environmental geology in Kunming and the overall development planning of Kunming city, from the work of the main environmental geological survey and assessment issued by CGS(China Geological Survey). According to the requirement of the sustainable development, many works were carried out, including the city's major environmental geological survey, surveying the development and utilization of urban geological resources and the urban vulnerability assessment of geological environment, which included evaluation of the vulnerability of urban water resources and environment of groundwater, of geological disasters such as the geological disasters of the slope (collapses, landslides, debris flows), karst collapse, ground subsidence, the ground surface cracks and so on, and the evaluation of function zoning and geological suitability of the urban geological environment. The article focused on water resources and the availability of the urban land, both of which having the greatest impact on the urban development, and that provided reliable resources and the information of geological environment background for the city planning and construction of Kunming.Some hands of innovative research in this dissertation as follows:First, observing and researching geological resources and environment conditionality puzzledom in Kunming urban development based on the viewpoint of human being has coexistence relationship with nature harmoniously and urban development planning are sustainable, carrying through problem mechanism studding on the sides of water and land resources, geological disasters, spare water resources sites in urgency situation, burying field of waste, as well as 3D space utilization, through those ways involving the field investigation, 3S technic, great mass of data integrating & diging technic, and the extenics availability evaluation method. putting forward a urban feasible-divisional planning are fit for geological environment characteristics and the need of the city sustainable development. The blue planning print has the first urban planning research result which integrate urban geological resources and environment completely with urban long-term development in China, so far. It has positive effect both to direct Kunming city construction planning and other's urban do.Secondly, there are research method innovation in water quality evaluating, and important progress in model express precision of urban water resources sustainable development, they are:Economy development and its reaction against to water resources are calculated in sustainable water resources planning first time, and it help to improve precision of urban water resources planning. In the study of urban water resources, according to the present status and future trend of the water resources development and utilization in Kunming city, the article made the comparative study on threshold analysis theory, water resources carrying capacity theory, virtual water theory, resources rebuilding theory on community & nature, subsistent form theory of water resources, validity on quantity & quality of water resources, urban eco-environmental water demand theory and urban water eco-footprint theory. Learning from the reasonable part of the above theories of aside their one-sidedness, and unifying the entity water resources (ground-surface water and groundwater) and the trade-related virtual water resources within the framework of the counteraction of urban economic development on water resources and the ecological balance , for the first time the article presented the concepts of the contribution indexes of the economic development-resources (environment) and the harmonious factors of the development and utilization of resources, and established the quantitative evaluation model of the water use - environmental sustainable development based on the impact of the total quantity of water resources - ecological needs - economic development. That provided decision support for the water resources-based urban planning.Another, there was a common problem in the past evaluation methods of the groundwater quality, which could only give the evaluation results of the evaluated points (single or multi-factor), and the local area (single factor), but could not describe the water quality of the entire region in the condition of multi-factor. Therefore, the article put forward a new evaluation method, which could be used to evaluate the groundwater quality at all levels, including at the spot, in the local and the whole in the survey area at the same time, which was CEQG, comprehensive evaluating way of quality of groundwater, founded on the background value based on period. The principle was that turning the same kind of assessment factors in the time in every space for evaluating into the sole representative factor of the space by the way of background value based on period, then made quality evaluation by Nmerow principle on the factor set via the above their treatment in every space, at last got the comprehensive cognition of the water quality evaluation in different space. In addition, in the evaluation of the quality of groundwater CEQG also took into account the general applicability and design flaws of the national standard QSGW,quality standard for ground water, which was every assessment factor being coordinative in weightiness. In fact, of pollution factors the toxic side effects and the impact on the production and the life in the region were not equivalent. And in the region the economic development type and domestic water would select the quality of the groundwater water. Certain type of pollution factor having the greatest impact on the local water supply, but there were inevitably some factors having little effect, and even outlying. If the standard QSGW was applied forcibly for evaluation, the following problems may arise. Firstly, the comprehensive scores of the water quality evaluation may high. Secondly, the pollution factors, being greater toxicity, would have less prominent impact on the groundwater quality. And even individual factors having less effect and those having small correlation with the regional production and daily life, would have the decisive rejection effect on the comprehensive evaluation of the water quality. All these couldn't reflect the real situation of the groundwater pollution. The article analyzed the main toxic effects, side effects and the hazards of the pollution factors, and 39 factors involved in QSGW were divided intoⅠ～Ⅲclasses, collating as the risk, assigning risk coefficient to the corresponding risk factors. The work embodied the practical and realistic idea of the water quality assessment.The groundwater quality assessment was carried out in Kunming Basin by the method of CEQG, and the results revealed the fact that the water quality was generally poor, including pore water, crevice water and karst water. That indicated that in Kunming city the groundwater quality has come to the verge of an all-round deterioration, and extraordinary measures must be taken for the comprehensive management. Furthermore, the evaluation results indicated that in Kunming Basin the water resources were relatively fragile, and the main problem was the double water resources scarcity caused by the total lack of water resources and water pollution. Then the article drew the conclusion that in Kunming city the process of the development and utilization of water resources and reconstruction was in a stage of giving priority to supply management, technical saving management of the water being initial stage, and that in the city the water resources had a larger redevelopment space. It was determined that the city planning and construction based on the water resources must carry out the measures of open source–expenditure saving–reducing pollution simultaneously, in order to cast off the water crisis troubling the urban development. It also revealed that in considering the risk coefficient of the factor the water quality evaluation method had the greatest impact on the pore water and crevice water, but had little impact on the karst water. It showed that in the aquifer medium of the groundwater the convey condition of the contamination played a key role in water pollution and control. From the reverse, as long as inhibited its source, the karst water pollution could be radical control in a relatively short time, but the pollution control of the pore water and crevice water were relatively more difficult, because pore water management should not only consider the seepage velocity, but also concern about water pollution in the media, and crevice water required to consider its poor water contact and water replacement difficulties.On the vulnerability assessment of the groundwater, the results showed that the area of high vulnerability accounted for 42.3 percent, and the area of middle vulnerability accounted for36.7 percent. On the whole the study area belonged to middle to higher vulnerability of the groundwater.Aiming at Kunming city the development and utilization strategy of water resources was proposed under the concept of sustainable development.It is a ineluctable difficult problem and key task that urban scale spread requires a great deal of construction land and lead to scarcity of farm-land and construction site in sustainable development urbanization course. Urban development restricted with Kunming basin has complexity on geological conditions and multiple geological disasters, especially, abnormity soft-soils in large-scale- subsidence basin. The dissertation carry on availability evaluation and give a proposal of construction and planning land in Kunming basin based on method of extenics (matter elements analysis) and characteristic of geotechnic. The extenics availability evaluation results of land use have practical value to redound to Kunming's multicenter urban planning which accord with harmonious relationship between city construction and geological environment and geological resources, and it will help to achieve optimizing distribution of geological resources in metropolis coming into being, urban geological environment protection, also, to offer decision-making information and theoretic support for mapping out urban economy-society-environment sustainable development.