| This paper analyses the texture of space of the block and the morphologic characteristics of Yuan Dadu,attemptting to find the relation between foudations of building complexes and classification,and to explore the principle and design for the planning of Yuan Dadu through the study of the foudations and the layout of building complexes.At first,this paper takes some historical documents and archaeology materials,and then abundants with fieldwork presented the position and foundations of each building complexes in Yuan Dadu by the scope of used land and texture of streets of Beijing building complexes in Ming and Qing Dynasty.The foudations of building complexes in Yuan Dadu has close connection with the class of construction,which can be shown from comparing the foudations such as goverments, temples, buildings for feudal rules of etiquette and customs,etc.We can draw a conclusion that there is connection between the foudations of building complexes In Yuan Dadu and the housing area of 8 mu.Above all that have been reffered before, this paper puts forward the concept"griddings of in YuanDadu",we have 8 mu as the stand area for measuring ,and then we draw the griddings of 44x50 bu on the layout of Yuan Dadu.Thus,we found that the position of urban streets and hutongs and the scope of some building complexes of large scale are controlled by the griddings.By this method,we minisized the griddings to 11x12.5bu,finding this minisied griddings take effect on the scope of the mainly building complexes .On the other hand,the paper restorates the layout of Yuan Dadu and the special building with dimensions in details, analysing the historical evolution of architecture formation and the influence on Ming and Qing Dynasties.Then ,the author attempts to find the innovation of the architecture mode, revealling the influence of cultures of Mongols, Tibetan and Han Nationality on the characteristics of architecture in Yuan Dadu.In addition,this paper also analysed development and evolution of the urban morphology,having this research with the background of political system, thought, culture the religious etiquette , custom and the activity of people.It can be concluded that the layout and forms of Yuan Dadu mainly show the apperance of the Han nation, but deeply influenced by the customs and religins of the mongols, In fact, the urban morphology is an embodiment of the thought of"supremacy of mongolia". |
