Research On The Countermeasures Of The Blowing Snow Hazards On Highways

The snowdrift is one of natural disasters which often occur on highways in the north of China in the winter; it can cause the snow accumulation on highways which disturbs the traffic flow and reduce the visibility. The paper studied the technology of prevention and cure of the blowing snow hazards on highways and the technology of purging snow aiming at the disaster of the snow accumulation on highways. First, the author expatiated the occurrence mechanism of snowdrift and the reason of the occurrence of the snow accumulation on highways in the condition of various typical transects of roadbeds, further, put forward the radical principle of prevention and cure .Then, the paper studied the technology of prevention and cure of the blowing snow hazards on highways and the technology of purging snow.The snowdrift is a kind of physics phenomenon that occurred in the layer of atmosphere near the ground, the occurrence mechanism of it is complicated and factors influencing it were numerous. In the second chapter, the paper systemically analyzed the occurrence mechanism of the snowdrift and the reason and influencing factors of the occurrence of the snow accumulation on highways, especially in the condition of various typical transects of roadbeds ,further, put forward the radical principle of prevention and cure, including controlling the supply of snow, altering the direction of the wind, augmenting the wind speed on the road surface, altering the configuration of the flow structures, keeping from disturbing the airflow.In the third chapter, the paper studied the technology of prevention and cure of the blowing snow hazards on highways in the point of the design of the prevention and cure by the principle of prevention and cure. Via a mass of the wind tunnel experiments and the field observations, Regarding the numerical simulation as the complementarily ,in the basis of the research of the occurrence mechanism of the blowing snow hazards on highways, the paper introduced into the theory of outline of snow accumulation established by Ronald D. Tabler, concluded the whole design principle of the form of transects of roadbeds which reduce or keep from the blowing snow hazards; put forward the idiographic form of transects of roadbeds that reduce or keep from the blowing snow hazards.In the forth and fifth chapter, the paper studied the technology of prevention and cure of the blowing snow hazards on highways in the point of the project of prevention and cure. The author mainly expounded the principle of prevention and cure and method of setup about the wall of blocking snow and snow fence, quantified and standardized the parameters of design by analyzing the factors influencing the effect of preventing snow. The influence factors of the effect of preventing snow which were studied were the height of the wall of blocking snow, the angle between wind direction and the direction of transects of the wall of blocking snow, terrain and the design of the end of the wall of the blocking snow, the wall of blocking snow was classified into two kinds which are the single wall of blocking snow and the double wall of blocking snow and their factors were embodied; The influence factors of the effect of preventing snow of snow fence which were through wind rate and height of it was analyzed to derived the technology of systemically project construction which including the structure of snow fence, through wind rate, height ,number of columns, the space that is from the ground, the distance that is from the roadside, the angle between the wind direction and the transects of snow fence, the design of the end of the snow fence, length.The snow accumulation on highways was can't avoided, whether or not adopting which kind of technology of prevention and cure, so the paper studied the technology of purging snow in the sixth chapter. At present, there are two techniques of purging snow: thaw and machine. The method of thaw is that makes the snow and ice thawed by heat energy and chemical medicine, the heat energy is galvanothermy, terrestrial heat, engine heat and seawater heat; The method of machine is that utilized the machine to purge snow and the method is traditional and prevalent. The author studied the two methods of purging snow, and further studied the opportunity and standard of purging snow.The content of the technology of prevention and cure of the blowing snow hazards and the technology of purging snow is much more, the paper mainly studied the technology of prevention and cure and needed to further study the problem of theory and practice because of the restriction of time, the level of research and information of techniques. Aiming at the research of design of transects of roadbeds of highways in the area of snow hazards, the author planned to develop the long and abundant field observations, conclude the experience of construction and management of highways to study the guideline of control of essential of transects of highways and the project of prevention and cure of the blowing snow hazards on highways including planning , econnaissance , design, construction ,business ,and as soon as possible develop the study of the occurrence mechanism and prevention and cure of the visibility hindrance ,these are significant to perfect the study system of the blowing snow hazards, improve the traffic condition of highways in the north in the winter, ensure the traffic safety and unhindered transport; Aiming at the study of technology of prevention and cure of the blowing snow hazards, the paper planned to further study the life-form prevention and cure technology and the measure and technology of integrated prevention and cure of the blowing snow hazards to derive the optimal measure of preventing snow in various sections of highways, finally, to standardize it. The author suggested that we should pay attention to the economic and applicable quality of the measures, supply the foundation for the adjust measures to local conditions; Aiming at the technique of purging snow, the author suggested that we should standardize the present techniques of purging snow and derive the orderlineness of statistic through the observation of the loss of the snow hazards, analyze the cost of snow hazards to get the optimal project of purging snow.