Studies On Lubricity, Ecotoxicity Of Environmental Friendly Lubricant And Evaluating Techniques

With the development of mechanic industry, customers put forward higher demand in regard to the quality and performance of lubricants. People attached great importance to the application of nanomaterials and technology in lubricating field. Meanwhile, due to various reasons, the number of lubricant's giveaway to the environment increased dramatically, thus, caused potential hazards to the environment and governments of many countries think much of them in latest years. At the present, environmental assumption, which is widely accepted all over the world, made environmental friendly lubricants the hot topic in lubricating research area.In order to develop the environmental friendly lubricants with high performance, biodegradability and low ecotoxicity, lubricity studies of lubricants and additives were conducted on a newly-setup engine beds test. Ecotoxicity of lubricants were further researched by applying ecotoxic lubricants advanced in this dissertation. The main tasks of the project can be described as follow:TC-W3 two-stroke evaluating beds test and technology, which had same equivalence with the evaluating units of American NMMA were established and supplied an inland gay. The setup of the new approaches made evaluating technology of water-cool two-stroke lubricants reside in the international leading level and be of great importance to social and economic benefits. A set of testing approach was initially established to inspect toxicity of lubricants. Photobacterium phosphoram, which was successfully introduced in the dissertation to the inspection field of lubricants, cut a new route for the examination of ecotoxicity in lubricants. Meanwhile, the newly applied approach enlarged the application scope of photobacterium phosphoream and provided technological guarantee for the development of environmental friendly lubricants.A new preparation technique for sample oils was set up. The concepts of Water Accommodation Fraction (WAF) and Water Soluble fraction (WSF) were first introduced in this field. Median Effect Load (EL50) or Median Inhibition Load (IL50) and Median Lethal Load (LL50) as determined indexes in aquatic toxicity made lubricant toxicity's judgement more scientific and accurate.EL50 used in the project creatively constituted rating criteria of water quality-determination of the acute toxicity for some insoluble matters by applying luminescent bacteria test. It filled the national gaps of this field. In addition, it provided evaluating basis for insoluble matters and the assessing ratings were determined concerning the related lubricants and additives.During the studies, the principle of mitosis coefficients decrease was initially detected between WAF's loading rate of ordinary lubricants and its relative luminosity. Basic formulas were presented in the dissertation.TC-W3 environmental friendly lubricant in two-stroke engine was ultimately prepared through selection of base oils, additives and countless proportioning tests. The indexes of TC-W3 lubricant met the requirements of the designation by means of biodegradable and ecotoxicity tests, which set the pace in our country and especially the indexes of ecotoxicity has resided in the international leading level. The initial application of nanometal additives in two-stroke lubricants broadened the application scope of nanometal materials and it also provide a new approach to improve the lubricity of two-stroke lubricants. Through the studies on lubricity and features of idle speed emission of varied nanometal additives in two-stroke lubricants, nanometal additives were justified having good effects on improving lubricity of lubricants and decreasing the harmful emission of idle speed.