Study On Improvement Properties Of Lead, Nickel, Aluminum, Zinc And Copper Electrodes

It has been over 200 years since simple battery was invented in 1800. During the human civilized development course, battery technique is improved advance rapidly. There are many kinds of batteries. And they have banded human life cheek by jowl. Application area of battery is immanent. Battery's silhouette can be seen everywhere from electric toy to space probe. It is identifiable that development of the battery technique accelerates development of human science and technology. Battery has increased sheen for human bright life. But a lot of questions do still need to be solved in the most ubiquitous battery field.Metal electrodes exist in many batteries. Life of lead-acid battery is limited by corrosion of the metal electrode frame. It is difficulty to increase capacity of nickel electrode. Destruction of all batteries can be brought on because oxygen and hydrogen are given out when the batteries are charged or discharged. Capacity of zinc battery is decreased and effective store time or use time is shortened due to corrosion of zinc electrode. To improve properties and enhance quality for metal electrode in metal-air battery are still needed. To solve these questions is relational with grasp and improvement of metal surface properties. Also the questions are front matters of combination of metallurgy and other sciences.To aim at above-mentioned questions, study is carried through. To improve inhibit ability to corrosion of lead and lead-4% antimony alloy in sulfuric acid and to prolong life of lead-acid battery, a several of metal elements are imported into surfaces of lead and lead-4% antimony alloy with ion implantation. Then electrochemical methods and advanced surface analytical techniques are applied to study the two systems. Reasons and mechanisms of inhibiting lead and lead-4% antimony alloy corrosion with titanium ion implantation have been discussed emphatically. Technical conditions of titanium ion implantation for above-mention two systems have been optimized. Effects of the dosages and energies of titanium on lead and lead-4% antimony alloy corrosion properties have also been studied through experiments. To obtain good inhibiting results, the ideal conditions are about 5x1016 atom.cm-2 dosage of titanium and 60 keV titanium ion energy for lead and lead-4% antimony alloy. Relationship between distribution of titanium on lead and lead-4% antimony alloy and technical conditions have been experimentally studied and theoretically explained. Electrochemical oscillation of lead electrode in sulfuric acid has been explored with in-situ ellipsometry.Effects of improvement of electrodes properties are affected by increase or decrease of surface temperature of the samples badly during ion implantation. Some theories and methods on substance diffusion transfer have been applied to calorifics to obtain mathematical relation between the surface temperature on the samples and operation time during ion implantation. And the mathematical relation has been applied to direction experiments of ion implantation for lead and lead-4% antimony alloy. The mathematical relation provides to foundation for controlling temperature during ion implantation. Basing on reflection ellipsometry and combining property improvement of parts in chemicalpower sources, graze ellipsometry is brought forward primarily. Physical meanings of graze ellipsometrical parameters are given out theoretically. To examine feasibility of the new graze ellipsometry, which is suggested at first in this thesis, a few of matured investigation electrochemical systems and chemical power sources have been studied with the graze ellipsometry. Then effective measures to improve properties of nickel, zinc, aluminum and copper electrodes and experimental data to understand electrode processes on the electrodes surfaces have been put forward.Mechanism to increase charge efficiency of the alkaline nickel electrode with cobalt ion implantation has been investigated. The results indicate that cobalt ion implantation can slow formation of oxygen d...