Passenger Carrying Capacity Evaluation And Simulation Of Rail Transit Station

The design, planning and operational management of rail transit station is an important research topic of traffic engineering, construction planning, public safety management and other related fields. Under the circumstances that rail transit stations encounter large amount of passengers, as designers and managers cannot effectively assess the passenger-carrying capacity of rail transit stations according to the passenger traffic characteristics, some problems such as stranded passengers, traffic congestion, traffic chaos and even stampede may occur in that the design and operation management of station is unreasonable. Focus on these issues, using the motion characteristics of passengers as a starting point and the level of service (LOS) of pedestrian facilities as judgment standards, the thesis presents a combination method of static and dynamic evaluation of passenger-carrying capacity based on system dynamic modeling and passenger simulation. Expected results can enrich research ideas of service facilities evaluation and optimal management of stations, and also provide supporting theoretical data for station designers and managers.Firstly, several on-site observation and video-recordings are done in some typical rail transit stations. The thesis develops a semi-automated video analysis system for collecting pedestrian traffic data and analyzes the traffic characteristics of passengers systematically, including the basic attributes of passengers, arrival features and traffic features of passenger flow. For different types of rail transit stations, the ingress and egress models for passenger flow are built for forecasting on pedestrian flow distribution. Meanwhile, G-S index and Gini centralization index are used to assess the centralization degree of passenger flow in stations. The "speed-density-flow" model of passenger flow is built to reveal the basic rule of passenger movement. It not only provides the basis for the planning, design, and operational management of stations, but also provides basic supporting data for the subsequent LOS evaluation of station facilities and passenger flow simulation.According to passenger traffic flow characteristics and passenger crowding feelings, a LOS classification method considering both traffic flow characteristics and passengers is worked out. Based on SP survey results, the proper LOS indicators of station facilities which suites characteristics of Chinese passenger is presented. The indicators can provide important guidance for the design and evaluation of urban rail transit station facilities.Considering the complexity of rail transit station environment and diversity of passenger movement, the thesis presents a cognitive-based simulation model of passenger movement. Using people's cognitive and decision-making behavior as a start point, based on the Agent modeling theory, it builds passenger visual perception model, passenger behavior control model, passenger movement route model, passenger movement model, and environment knowledge model orientated to intelligential behaviors in order to achieve passenger simulation. At last, macro-phenomena analysis method is applied to verify the rationality and effectivity of the model. The model takes the advantages of artificial intelligence, cellular automaton, social force model and optimization algorithm. It can form the more complex passenger movement process, and obtain the chaotic phenomena that general analytical model cannot get.The thesis also defines passenger-carrying capacity of rail transit stations. According to passenger flow characteristics and the LOS indicators, an assessment method on passenger-carrying capacity of rail transit stations is built based on static calculation and dynamic modeling. The method includes a theoretical calculation method based on rail transit station design standard, an assessment method on safe carrying capacity of stations based on system dynamics and station passenger flow simulation methods. Moreover, it also can achieve continuous dynamic simulation and analyze the changes of passenger flow density in stations while different input variables and management measures change. And then it provides technical support for the safety management of passenger flow in rail transit station.Finally, the assessment theory is applied to compute and evaluate the passenger-carrying capacity of Beijing station and Fuxingmen Station, and also to study the bottleneck spread process in the case of large passenger flow. Through case studies, the thesis reproduces the passenger flow movement phenomenon in stations and station space utilization successfully, and solves the actual operational management problems of the stations. It indicates that the model has good simulation capability and application prospects.