Study On The Evolution Of Man-land Relationship And Ecological Environment In Daling River Watershed From The End Of Ming Dynasty To The Beginning Of Qing Dynasty

Daling River is the biggest and most important river in West Liaoning. The paper conducted a study on the causes and influencing factor of man-land contradiction in the river basin through analyzing evolution processes of man-land relationship and ecological environment from the end of the Ming dynasty to the beginning of Qing dynasty within five stages, and made the conclusion that ecological environment is deteriorating gradually because of human activities and natural factors in the area of river basin. On the basis of the research above, the author analyzed the correlation between socio-economic development and watershed population, resources, environment in Daling River basin by applying the PRED index evaluation system thus to make the suggestion that sustainable development can be achieved through coordinating the relations among the subsystem of population, resources, environment and socio-economic development in Daling River watershed. The research results are summarized as the following.First, Daling River basin is a region embracing harmonious man-land relationship and favourable ecological environment since ancient times. Second, the causes of deterioration of man-land relationship and ecological environment in Daling River watershed from the beginning to the medium-term of Qing dynasty classified as three aspects: 1. the variability of the Qing government's policies. Policy change has decisive significance for the impact on the ecological environment of Daling River. 2. The short-term of behaviors including land resource exploitation caused by different ways immigration. 3. The natural geographical position. Daling River basin borders on the Central plains, it was among the first areas affected by migration. The growing tension of man-land relationship and degradation between human and ecological environment are far more serious than other parts of the Northeast. Third, a lot of wasteland and reclamation mountainous land emerged to meet the need of rapid population growth. Also the mountainous land and the vegetation were destroyed near the upstream, along with serious water and soil erosion, dramatic reduction in the biodiversity of species and speeded up deterioration of ecological environment in the whole river basin. In addition, along with the warlords'chaos of the Republic of China, the forest resources plunder by Japanese troops and massive population growth is also the reason which brought about the pressure of man-land relationship and the deterioration of ecological environment. And last, after 30 years of forest planting from the liberation to pre-reform, vegetation received recovery, forest coverage rate has risen and the ecological environment started to recover.On the condition of establishing the evaluation index system of Daling River basin PRED system, the research put forward to several suggestions from three aspects by analyzing the significance of index on ecological environment. 1. Control population scale and improve the population quality; 2. Harness ecological environment in the upstream area of Daling River. 3. Make out overall plan of Daling River basin and balance the development of population, resources and environment to achieve the goal of sustainable development of watershed PRED system. Social-economic development may exert enormous influence on PRED system of river basin, thus regional circular economy, ecological economy and low-carbon economy are necessary approaches to offer supporting measures for sustainable development.