Study On The Relationship Between Land Use And Eco-Environment

Since the Formation of the Earth till present the Earth has already undergone about 46 a hundred million years. Under the effects of many natural powers, the terrestrial environment always continuously changes relatively slow. Both the climatic change and the orogeny, have all intensely affected the appearance of the earth. However, the interactions between human factors and natural factors have caused the huge impact on terrestrial environment with the unprecedented speed and scale, since the human has appeared. The human activity correspondingly becomes the most active force to the whole global and the region's eco-environment changes. As one of the most main type of the force, land use has reflected the most intimate relation between the intersecting functions between human being and nature and the, and it will gradually become the most important factor which influences the harmony of eco-environment.Through in the human history, the harmonious coexistence of land use and eco-environment has always been pursued by human, but there are always so many failure cases congesting the human survival and developmental history. Especially since the latter half of 20th century, universal attentions are being attracted to the environmental problem arouse by land use from international community along with the worsening of the terrestrial environment. In China, the problem is exceptionally distinct because of the fact that population is very big but land is relatively lack and that regulation means is in absence. Form the aim of land use general planning, which is that the first is food, the second is construction, the third is eco-environment protection, the first and the second have many regulation index to fulfill, such as the amount of cultivated land to protection, the amount of incremental construction land, but the third one is lack of effective regulation means even that it has many projects to support. The fact will influence unavoidably the exertion of land use' benignant effect, and worsen the macros-environment in which eco-environment and land use evolve commonly. Therefore, the construction of a scientific evaluation system and the exploration of reasonable regulation means have become significant to turn the austere situation around and promote harmony of land use and eco-environment, after the detailed study on the mutual action mechanism between land use and eco-environment.Under the support of many theories, such as theories of sustainable development, system theory, landscape ecology and ecology economics, the paper defines the concepts of land use, eco-environment, ecological security and ecological land, and constructs a frame work which can be applied to research on relationship between land use and eco-environment. Based on this frame work, the paper makes a systematic analysis on the history evolution's process of the relationship and ecological problems, in order to find the reasons behind the problem. According to the result, the paper regards the occurrence mechanism of ecological problem as a main thread, and discusses deeply the interaction process and feedback mechanism of land use & eco-environment at different levels from the positive and negative aspects, and makes an demonstration analysis by using land-use situation data of various provinces and cities in China from 1996 to 2004 and the typical area. Then, study constructs a "three—level" appraisal system which includes land suitability evaluation, land sensitivity evaluation and land eco-system threshold value evaluation, and selects the analytical methods of ecological footprint and carbon-oxygen balance to evaluate relationship between the supply and the demand about land function, so as to provide theoretical basis to regulating and optimizing the relations between them. Finally, taking Zhengzhou city as an example, study carried on the demonstration at regional scale to evaluate the relationship between land use and eco-environment, and give the policy proposal.As for main content of study, this paper makes the mechasim of their relation and the occurring mechanism of land eco-environment problems as the study main line, and makes the relationship appraisal and regulation as study core. Based on these foundations, the paper had carryed on detailed study. The results of study show that land use makes impact on eco-environment by static and dynamic way, and thinks that the ways of static land-use and structures of land use define the ways of the eco-environment factors used by man, directions of material energy output, ratio of landscapes and spatial pattern, which changes the physical-chemical cycle model and the extent that eco-environment influences land-use. At last, the effects decide the type of regional eco-system services output. The dynamic changes of land-use decide the value gross of regional eco-system services, by influencing the used way of ecological factors, the mode of material energy cycle, regional ecological process. The eco-environment restrain to Land-use can be divided into two immediate and mediate parts according to the differences between different modes. Mediate part is about the restrains that is carried out by eco-environment factors, ecological sensitivity, landscape security, ecosystem threshold to the ways and strength of land-use. Immediate part is about human's consciously binding to regional land use intensity after mankind fully understands the harm of the eco-environment problem. Based on the mechanism, they couple into a complicated system, by mutual action. The eco-environment problems are just the product from that land use' overpasses the eco-environment threshold and leads to chaos of the system. Therefore, the appraisal and regulation of their relation should aim to the key factors of their mutual action at all levels, after a detail study on the action mechanism between them. Among them, the land eco-system threshold evaluation becomes the core and key of appraisal and regulation.To attain the aim, the paper divides land function into consumptive function and ecological function based on the detail study, and select ecological footprint analysis to appraise the relation between the supply and demand about consumptive land function. As for land ecological function, the paper develops a evaluation method of ecological land based on carbon-oxygen balance analysis. The method not only quantifies the relation between the supply and demand about land ecological function, but also offers a reasonable regulation medium, which make it theoretical and practical significance to construction land use mode amicable to eco-environment.After that, the paper carries on a demonstration by using correlative statiscal data of Zhengzhou city. The result of the ecological security pattern identification as follows: The Mt. Songshan sierra bunch of shape natural mottling in western is the ecology protection source of whole city landscape; it has many ecological services, such as self-control water source, the adjustment gas, multiple protection, and so on. The east scattered forest landscape mottling is "the stepping-stone" to communicate the neighboring source, which plays key point role. The corridor network made of rivers and reservoir not only is the most transportation important corridor of matter energy in Zhengzhou city, but also is the garbage disposal of whole city, the natural factory of waste absorption. It has vital significance to reducing the region ecosystem entropy value and stabling the stability region system. The ecological footprint (EF) analysis result indicates that the EF's proportion of supply to demand, the average ecological deficit per person display the rapidly ascendant tendency. EF's proportion of supply to demand from1: 3.123 in 1996 expands to 1:5.220 in 2004.The average ecological deficit per person from 0.862 hm~2 in 1996 expands to 1.503 hm~2 in 2004, increasing 0.74%.Even so, Land use system entropy function has not generated a substantial change in Zhengzhou city, which made Land-use system remain relatively stable and the Eco-systems remain still relatively safe. The Analysis result of Carbon-oxygen balance shows the gaps of carbon-oxygen balance are 3.3622 million tons and 10.9312 million tons in 1996, and 9.4704 million tons and 31.3333 million tons in 2004. If terrestrial ecosystem bears one-third of carbon-releasing and oxygen-depleting coming from human activities, ecological land surplus 80.2 thousands hectares woodland or 106.0 thousands hectares woodland in 1996, but lacks 208.5 thousands hectares woodland and 274.2 thousands hectares woodland farmland in 2004. Finally, the ways of regulation and concrete measures are put forward according to the results of demonstration study.In the paper, usual methods and specific methods are applied widely, usual methods consists of standardized analysis and evidence analysis, static analysis and dynamic analysis, sum and perform, reasoning and inversion, and so on. specific methods has been used against different objectives. According to the regional land-use impacts on the eco-environment, analysis of eco-system services has been used. In the parts of system analysis on the relationship, analysis of complex systems theory has been used. During building of evaluation theories and demonstration analysis, assessment method of ecology suitableness, ecology sensitivity, with principle of ecological footprint, method of carbon-oxygen balance were used.According to the study, this paper gets following conclusions: (1) There is an complex, nonlinear and dynamic relationship between land-use and eco-environment, which are cause and effect mutually, commonly evolutes. (2) The evaluation of relationship should adopt "three-tier" system, which includes land suitability evaluation, land sensitivity evaluation and land eco-system threshold evaluation, according to their characteristics. (3) As a standard using to quantizing human demand for land consumptive functions, ecological deficit reflects severe situation of the relationship, but made a necessary conclusion that the land-use intensity has breakthrough eco-system threshold value. (4) As a method, analysis method widely applicability to quantize the gas adjustment function of ecological land, evaluate the relationship between the supply and demand of ecological land.Finally, the paper proposes specific recommendations aiming at the conclusions: (1) Change the socio-economic development model to avoid the excessive demand for land function. (2) Strengthen the protection of ecological land, and found land use model amicable to eco-environment. (3) Build and consummate evaluation system, conduct dynamic monitor mechanism. (4) intensify management at EF and the amount of carbon-releasing and oxygen-depleting per construction land. (5) Strengthen Land use planning Regulation and implement sustainable land use policy. (6) Strengthen ecological and environmental inputs and effectively implement eco-environment construction.