| With the development of nanotechnology, the field of nanotechnology has transitted to the building of nanostructures from the preparation of the nanomaterials. People are more and more convinced of the importance of theory and future application for building the nanostructures. The building of special nanostructures and its properties are the most important objects in nanotechnology field, which is the precondition for the future nanostructural apparatus. Among all kinds of the building technologies for nanostructures, the LB molecular assembly technology can realized the precise location of functional molecules due to its orderliness, uniformity and periodicity. So it has been applied in the designing and building of ordered nanostructured assembly. The objects were mainly concentrated on the ordered assembly of inorganic nanoparticles, one-dimensional nanomaterials, nanostructured polymers and so on. The better measurements of nanomaterials were needed urgently with the rapid development of nanotechnology. The new development of Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) can be used to investigate the nanostructured materials directly at nano-scale. At the same time, conductive tips were used in different modes, which make it possible to study the electrical properties of nanostructured materials. With the development for teens of years, SPM has become an independent and systemic field, which will play more and more important roles in the properties of nanomaterials. In this dissertation, we built several kinds of nanostructures at air-water interface by LB technology. The results indicate the diversity of LB method for building the nanostructural ordering assembly. Furthermore, the SPM was used to measure the structure and photoelectric and electrical properties of the ordered nanostrutures at tiny region. The main results are summarized as followed: 1,The Building of Ordered Nanostructured Assembly by LB technique a). Building the pure traditional photosensitive azobenzene dye. BA and ODA were used as additive to assemble line-shaped structure of the dye aggregates by adjusting the interaction (hydrogen bond) between additive and AS-RL. Compared with BA/AS-RL, the interaction between ODA and AS-RL is stronger. The interaction of hydrogen bond between organic molecules is the key factor for the building of nanostructures, which also offers a new idea during the building process. b). Building the quantum C60 composite with PVK photoconductive polymer. The electrostatic interaction between PVK and AA could be controlled by changing the amount of PVK and AA, then controlling the structure of PVK polymer. These PVK assemblies are the base for the further study of their photoelectric properties. c). Building the C60/CdS semiconductor assembly. The C60 was confined in the groove by changing the molar ratio of assistant material. As the alkyl chain of AA is longer than that of SA and OA by two carbon atoms, accordingly the top of fatty chains is scraggy. Then there are abundant grooves to be formed without any chemical bonds. It is this special structure that can avoid C60aggregating and realize C60 special nanostructures in the composite assembly. At the same time, the building the C60/CdS ordered nanostructured composite assembly in-situ was realized by putting the precursor into H2S atmosphere. d). It is the first time to grow one-dimensional Cd(OH)2 nanowires in-situ by LB technique. When the subphase contained millimolar cadmium at the higher pH, Cd(OH)2 nanowires could be induced by BA monolayer at air-water and efficiently transferred onto the solid substrate. The composition of the as-synthesized Cd(OH)2 nanowires was characterized by X-ray Photoelectron energy Spectroscopy (XPS). It is considered that the precipitation of wire-like Cd(OH)2 would appear because BA monolayer can enrich Cd2+ ions at the air-water interface due to bonding with COO--ions at the high pH, which results in locally exceeding the Ksp of Cd(OH)2. When barium ions were introduced into the subphase, the rod-like Ba(OH)2 were also obtained at higher pH. So this method to prepare one-dimensional inorganic materials could be applied to other metal ions. 2,Study the Properties by Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) at Tiny Region a). Based on these PVK nanostructures, Kelvin probe Force Microscopy (KFM) was used to investigate the surface potential distribution, which enabled us to directly observe the charge transfer from the AS-RL aggregates to different substrates. b). It is the first time to distinguish the soft PVK from PVK/C60 assembly by Phase image. The negative potential of PVK could be explained according to the relative energy level of substrate and PVK polymers. The photoluminescence (PL) of PVK was dramatically quenched in the PVK/C60/AA composite films. It is considered that it resulted from the energy transfer and electron transfer between PVK polymer and C60. c). The potential images of Cd(OH)2 nanowires on HOPG and n-Si substrates indicated the work function of these nanowires could only be changed from 4.5 eV to5.0 eV. It is the first time to confirm the work function of Cd(OH)2 by...
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