| When we refer to the prominent scientists of Chinese origin in the world, some of them are very familiar, including, Yang Zhen-ning, Zheng-Dao Li, Samuel Chao, Chun Ting, Lee Yuan-tseh, Steve Chu, Cui Qi, Qian Yongjian, Chen Xingshen, Qiu Chengtong, Tao Zhexuan etc. They either won Nobel Prize for Physics or Chemistry, or got the Fields Medal, Wolf Prize for Mathematics, which are called the Nobel Prize for mathematics. In physiology and medical field in the world, there is also an outstanding Chinese origin scientist who is equally important but neglected by Chinese, Chang Min-chueh, the master of international reproductive physiology.Chang Min-chueh is considered Father of Tube-baby and Father of Pill, and won the nomination of the Nobel Prize for three times. He is the scientist who makes great achievements in physiology and medical field among Chinese. However, compared with the Chinese origin scientists above, he was seldom heard of in China, and so far there isn't any special and systematical research at home and abroad on the scientific activities, the contributions and the social influence of Chang Min-chueh. It is unfair and shouldn't have been treated like that.It is the first time that special and systematical research on reproductive physiology achievements of Chang Min-chueh, which is pioneering. On the basis of the the reproductive physiology researches and contributions of Chang Min-chueh. According to time masterstroke, this thesis represents his scientific research experiences truthfully and objectively. This thesis contains the following six parts:Chapter one introduces Chang Min-chueh's experiences of education and scientific researches. Chang Min-chueh was influenced by Confucian traditional culture, family culture and regional culture, which shaped his characters:especially strong interest in biology study at the middle school, which are the essential factors of his reproductive physiology research in the future. Good and systematic education in Tsinghua University provides the foundation for his further science careers. The studying and scientific research training abroad paved the way for him to become the master of international reproductive physiology.Chapter two Sorts out Chang Min-chueh's contributions on sperm and egg physiology, and highlights the idea that attaches importance to basic theoretical research as a reproductive physiologist, especially sperm capacitation theory and synchronous theory, which established the academic foundation of reproductive physiology development of late 20th century.Chapter three focuses on sperm and egg fertilization experiments research. Fertilization is origin of new life, which symbolizes the beginning of individual development. Chang Min-chueh is the first one who succeeded in in-vitro fertilization of mammal experiment, and the application and its innovation of much mammalian in-vitro fertilization of animals' egg both originates from his lab. He did several classical experiments on sperm-egg fertilization by himself with his perseverance and proficient skills, which also symbolized the technique mature of mammalian in-vitro fertilization.Chapter four further discusses the successful application of the in-vitro fertilization technique, especially tube-baby's birth, which brings forth blessings for the couples who either can't give birth or need birth control. Actually, fertilization and contraception are the two sides of one process, by which oral-contraceptive was invented and become the effective means of birth control. Chang Min-chueh's achievements make great contributions for the development of population and society in the world.Chapter five illustrates the social function of Chang Min-chueh's scientific contributions from the view of interaction between science and society, and social ethical controversy about them. The birth of tube-baby makes human beings dominate our own fate by ourselves; oral-contraceptive as effective means of artificial contraception also makes women liberated; the successful application of the in-vitro fertilization opens up the new approach to improving livestock husbandry, and flocks and herds graze everywhere will not be a remote dream. At the same time, his scientific contributions bring about many-sided controversy including machine ethics, sociology, and economy etc, which also are discussed in this thesis.Chapter six further extracts items resulting in the successful inspiration as a prominent experimental scientist. In his science and research career, interest is the originl power of his successful scientific experiments; diligence, persistence and opportunity are the premise; scientific method is the guarantee. Bold exploration and innovation is the key to his successful scientific experiments. In a short, interest, diligence, persistence, opportunity, method and innovation are Chang Min-chueh's successful "six effective weapons" as an experimental scientist, which can be used for reference to cultivate science and technology innovation talents in our country.Chang Min-chueh dedicated his life to the research of reproductive physiology, and both basic theory and application researches are from his scientific experiments. According to his students, they could still see him working in the lab a few weeks before he died. His scientific experiments all his life are condensed in the published 362 academic dissertations, which are regarded as valuable scientific information and spiritual wealth. Whether his great discovery in theory or great breakthroughs on technology, all the findings have resolved the bottleneck problems of reproductive physiology development during 20th century, which reflects his great contributions.This thesis takes interdisciplinary research method, computation method, integrate inner-history with extra-history. Based on lots of English documents, it summarizes the contribution of Chang Min-chueh's reproductive physiology experiment achievements in reproductive physiology field, analyses the important factors of his success as a Chinese reproductive physiologist, and sums up some certain regular rules to cultivate science and technology innovation talents in our country.This thesis overall explores research experiences, reproductive physiology contributions, scientific methods of Chang Min-chueh as a giant of reproductive physiology field, and make clear the growth track and the way of successful experiments of Chang Min-chueh. It summarizes Chang Min-chueh's great contributions to reproductive physiology. The innovations are mainly the following aspects:Firstly, this thesis makes the first systematic, comprehensive and incisive study on Chang Min-Chueh's contributions in the fundamental research of reproductive physiology, fills the blank of the systematical study on Chang Min-Chueh at home and abroad, and further enriches the study on scientists of Chinese origin at home and abroad study.Secondly, just as an American friend said:"There are many temples, Buddha statues in Shanxi, but few scientists'statues; Chang Min-Chueh makes a great contribution to the world, so you should make a statue for him." In 2004, it is the 10 anniversary ceremony, and people of his hometown Lan County built a statue for him. As far as the poor recognition to him at home and abroad, this thesis studies the scientists from Shanxi to the world, which enriches Shanxi scientific culture, and fulfill she content of Shanxi local history of science and technology.Thirdly, starting from the influential items analysis on Chang Min-Chueh's family background, primary education, secondary education, and research environment, it aims to discover the necessary conditions of changing from "a kid in countryside" to "a specially privileged person". Meanwhile, it also analyzes the necessary scientific qualities of successful scientific experiments.Fourthly, Chang Min-chueh's scientific research made benefit for human beings, but it also led to medical ethics, sociology, economics and other subjects of controversy. From the tension of technology and ethics perspective, this thesis gave the public social and cultural thinking of how Chang Min-chueh was nominated the Nobel Prize three times and finally not accepted.Fifthly, this thesis discusses the essence of Chang Min-Chueh's successful factors and explores new ways of scientific innovation talents training in today's China.This thesis seeks to carve out a vivid three-dimensional great Chinese origin scientist picture, and his great idea:Science will benefit the whole world, and bring civilization to mankind.
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