The Research On Biological Characteristics And Functions Of Plant Salt-resistant Structure And Halophytes Crystals

The combination of research methods i.e. optical microscopy, paraffin section and crystal refraction method was carried out to comparative study the evolutive structure of plants antagonism salt adversity. These plants are, Atriplex nummularia Lindl., Anabasis articulate (Forssk.) Moq., Chenopodium album L. etc. 12 kinds of plants on the extreme saline nvironment of the Red Sea coast in the Egypt's desert areas(East longitude 34 o 12′-35 o 27′o,North latitude 25 o 31′-27 o 22′).Chenopodium album L., Kochia sieversiana (Pallas) C.A. Mey., Viola yedoensis Makino., etc. 6 kinds of plants in general saline environment of Songnen plain in Jilin of China(East longitude 123o31′-124 o 10′,North latitude 44 o 30′-44 o 45′). Kochia sieversiana (Pallas) C.A. Mey., Chenopodium glaucum L., Chenopodium album L., etc. 19 kinds of plants in common environment of Changchun in Jilin of China (East longitude 125o11′-125 o 32′,North latitude 43 o 45′-44 o 12′)It was found that plant crystals are the evolution characteristics of plants antagonism salt, and it is positive correlative with resistance salt. Statistics quantitative analysis verify the crystal, mucous cells, storage, developed corneum were closely relative with plant antagonism saline adversity:There are 2-5 layers of consecutive crystals in the cortex of Atriplex nummularia Lindl. in the extreme saline environment, but in the general saline environment, there is 1 layer of consecutive crystals in the cortex of Chenopodium album L.. There is a layer of consecutive mucus cells under the epidermal of stem of Alhagi maurarum Medic. in the extreme saline environment, on the contrary, in the general saline environment, there is no. There is developed water storage tissues in the stem of Salsola tetrandra Forssk. in the extreme saline environment, on the contrary, in the general saline environment, there is no. The thickness of epidermic cutin cell in the stem of Tamarix chinensis Lour. in the extreme saline environment was up to 6.02μm, but in the general saline environment, the thickness of Kochia sieversiana (Pallas) C.A. Mey. was 1.98μm. The results show that there are special evolution structures in the plants of extreme saline environment to resist the salt adversity.The structures with typical salt-tolerant features of plant can be divided into five major types and two minor types. The five major types: the salt gland is most, and mainly contains large quantities of plant crystals, a lot of mucus cells, a large number of water storage cells and organizations, developed assimilation organizations. The two minor types are: developed transporting organizations and developed machinery organization.In addition, a new type of composite structure was found. It was named"light transit body"according to the morphological characteristics and possible function. It maybe implement the function of transport materials. Its structure and function will be further studied.The results showed that plant crystal is the typical characteristics in extreme environment of halophyte; The existence and content of plant crystal decreased according to the extreme salinity environment, the general salinity environment and the normal environment; Plant crystals, most are oxalate calcium crystals, were mainly in the form of large clusters of crystal in the thin-walled cells; A cell can normally form only one plant crystal. In the vegetative organs, the stem is the most important part of gathering crystals, followed by leaf, and finally the root; Generally, there is no crystal in root; the presence of massive crystal cells in halophytes was a representative structural feature and the salt in plants displayed multi-level compartmentation; The distribution of plant crystals follows the principle of typical outward and optimize function. The content of plant crystal was positively related with the content of environmental salt, the time of salt stress and the age of plant; Halophytes, their characteristics were salt resistance, the higher the level of multi-level compartmentation, the stronger the ability of salt-resistance.At present, observing the crystals stayed in the level of transmission optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy observation, but these two methods both conceal the refraction characteristics of crystal. This paper for the first time reformed the observing crystal method with optical microscope, so that the crystals in the cells showed strong refraction. The thesis studied in-depth on the chemical structure of crystal. Modified the nalogues of natural anti-oxidants increase salt-tolerant level of halophytes significantly, but it has no significant effect on salt-tolerant structure of plant crystals or other organization.Crystal is an effective method of identifying the plant antagonism salt stress. According to the crystals exist in the plant or not, the time to identify salt-tolerant plants can be shorten, and the accuracy to choose salt-tolerant plants can be improved.Because crystal plants can effectively improve the salinity ecological environment, is an effective way to biologically control saline environment.Application with the crystal plant to improve saline-alkali land can save money and effort, so utilizing the salt-resistant plant with crystals is of great significance.