Land Pattern Temporal-Spatial Dynamics And Effects On Crane Suitable Of ZhaLong Wetland

Based on Landsat Image from remote sensing(RS),topographic and planning maps,field investigation and other data in 1995,2000 and 2004,this dissertation investigated habitats of wetland waterfowls in the Zhalong National Nature Reserve.Supported by RS and Geographical Information System(GIS),theory and techniques of the landscape ecology were used to quantitatively analyze landscape structure and status,landscape dynamics and land use types in temporal and spatial scales,and further explore their effects on cranes(Grus sp.) populations in Zhalong.Moreover,through quantitative analysis on certain wetland habitat indexes and establishing HSI evaluation model,evaluation on suitable habitat of the redcrowned crane(white-napped crane) was conducted and several plans and advices were proposed for protecting and restoring wetland and maintaining cranes populations.These would offer basic data for wetland protection and management in the future.The results showed:1.Analyzing RS data from different times(1995,200and 2004year) would serve as an important measurement for regional LUCC study and offer possibility to obtaining fast and concise data on land use patterns and evolvement.Though numbers,acreage and spatial position of each ecological landscape patch had changed at different levels,the landscape pattern unchanged:the dominant inter-wetland pattern composed with swampland,grassland, farmland and saline and alkaline land was patched with other landscape types.2.With high fragmentation and large number of patches,the forest lands,residential and industry lands were scattered;with low fragmentation,the swampland patches tended to centralize into large scale and composed of the dominant regional landscape,which offered habitats for the red-crowned crane populations.3.Three groups of data during 1995-2004 disclosed landscape diversity was negatively correlated to dominance index while positively correlated to evenness index.Landscape diversity and evenness index increasing while dominance index declining partially reflected increasing differences on proportions of each type of landscape and high landscape heterogeneity,which further disclosed ecosystem was unstable.4.Matrix transformation method was used to disclose spatio-temporal changes of various land types at certain time.During 1995-2000,swamp wetland hold the highest the contribution rates of conversion-in and preserving ratio while grassland had the highest the contribution rates of conversion-out.However,during 2000-2004,the grassland had the highest the contribution rates of conversion-in,whereas swamp wetland had the highest the contribution rates of conversion-out and preserving ratio. 5.To investigate the reasons underlying wetland habitat change,explore means and degree impacted on habitat by human activities,and analyze land use and degradation effecting water fowl habitats,based on dynamics on land use and landscape pattern.Grassland and aline and alkaline land,landscape type fragmentation index were negatively while woodland, farmland,landscape pattern diversity,fractal dimension and shape index were positively correlated with amount of typical water fowls.Vegetation height,vegetation cover and the distance of search for food became the important factors for selection nest of red-crowned crane,covert habitat and food became the second important factors.6.To disclose relationship of dynamic change between wetland landscape and populations quantity through temporal analysis of GIS and landscape ecological methods.In addition to establish wetland reserves in key areas,the wetlands should also be planned as a whole to protect environment and ecological processes ultimately.7.Acquired and dealt with key data by synthetically utilizing 3S techniques and realized extracting each evaluating index and their quantitative analysis.Indexes including interferential degree,food abundance,vegetation cover,hydrological condition,temporal patterns,the most optimal acreage for reproduction and land use type were selected for quantitative analysis. Through HSI model to evaluating habitat and suitability of the typical water fowl,the habitat was typed as:suitable,hyposuitable,less suitable,unsuitable.8.From 1995 to 2004,evaluation on suitable habitat of water fowls in the Zhalong showed:suitable areas distributed in the core area was absolutely preponderant,which formed dominant ecological landscape;hyposuitable habitats distributed in the buffer area occupied less proportion;less suitable habitats mainly distributed in the experiment area and buffer area occupied the same small proportion;and unsuitable habitat distributed mainly in the experiment area occupied a large proportion.9.From 1995 to 2000 to 2004,the centroid coordinate changed from northeast to northwest then to northeast for the suitable areas;from northeast to southwest for the hyposuitable;was,from northeast to southwest to northwest for the less suitable,which had more large changes from 1995 to 2000 than those from 2000 to 2004;The changing direction of centroid coordinate of the unsuitable habitat changed from southwest to northeast and did not change at spatial position.10.According to the resuts of PARA-Mean of different type habitat,the index of unsuitable habitat increased all long,which shown the economical development and expedite proceeding of cities and towns.The ecological habitat had been broken becase of the increasing of man activity in time and space,the region function had lose,which caused the number and type of waterfowl decreased.the ecological function losingwhich caused by man activity was positively correlated and fragmentation degree.