| The spatio-temporal variation of the structure of the mangrove community, macrobenthic community, epifaunal community and waterbird community in the Taipa-Coloane reclamation site, including the Lotus Flower Bridge mudflat, Taipa-Coloane wetland and the wetland near the Taipa-Coloane area, were studied in this paper. The results were indicated as following:1 .A study on the mangrove plant in the mudflat of Lotus Flower Bridge was carried out from 2003 to 2004, and the result was compared to the investigation of mangrove community of Taipa-Coloane causeway mudflat from 1992 to 1994.There are 6 families, 6 genera, 6 species in the Lotus Flower Bridge mudflat. The mangrove species and the semi-mangrove species were respectively account for 83.3% and 16.7% of the total studied plants in the Lotus Flower Bridge mudflat.There are 8 families, 8 genera, 8 species in the mangrove community of Taipa-Coloane causeway mudflat and the mangrove species and the semi-mangrove species were respectively account for 50% of the total recorded plants in the Taipa-Coloane causeway mudflat.The MCI of Acanthu ilicifolius, with the value of 462.3975, was the highest of the mangrove plants in the Lotus Flower Bridge mudflat, and that of Aegiceras comiculatum, with the value of 311.8578, was the highest in the Taipa-Coloane causeway mudflat. The Margalef's species richness of the mangrove community had no abvious difference between Lotus Flower Bridge mudflat and Taipa-Coloane causeway mudflat, but the Shannon-Wiener index, Pelou's evenness index and Simpson dominance index of mangrove community were low in the Lotus Flower Bridge mudflat.2.These seasonal variations of macrofauna community structure were researched were examed on the mud flat of the Lotus flower bridge and the Taipa-Coloane of Macao in 2004. The results showed that 38 species of the macrofauna were identified in the mud flat of the Lotus flower bridge and the Taipa-Coloane of Macao, belonging to24 families, 5 classes, and 4 phyla.We found a total of 34 species in the mud flat of the Lotus flower bridge of Macao, belonging to23 families, 5 classes, and 4 phyla. The macrofauna of the mud flat of the Lotus flower bridge constituted 89 % of all species of two mud flats. There were 21 species in the mud flat of the Taipa-Coloane of Macao, belonging to15 families,4 classes,and 3 phyla, and they constituted 55 % of all species of the two mud flat.The number of the species of macrofauna of the Lotus flower bridge mudflat in the spring, summer, autumn and winter were respectively 19, 20, 20 and 12, respectively. The Aspeudes sp., Potamocorbula laevis , Sternophyra gloabar , Alvania ligata and Paraanthura japonica were discovered in the four seasons of the Lotus flower bridge mudflat. The number of the species of macrofauna of the Taipa-Coloane wetland in the spring, summer, autumn and winter were respectively 11, 12, 7 and 8. Sermyla riqueti , Aspeudes sp and Melanoides tubercula were discovered in every season of the mud flat of the Taipa-Coloane wetland. The results also indicated that the species number of the mud flat of the Lotus flower bridge was higher than that of the mud flat of the Taipa-Coloane in every season.3.The seasonal investigation were performed in the intertidal flat of Lotus Flower Bridge in 2004. The results indicated that there recorded 58 species of epifauna on the mud flat, which belong to 31 families, including 3 species of molluscks, 19 species of crustacean and 36 species of fishes. The main species of epifauna were fish which are generally small species with slow activity. They are usually discovered in the coast of the South China Sea and became the natural food for the large size fishes and waterbirds.Epifauna community had 24 species in spring, 30 species in summer, 37 species in autumn and 31 species in winter. The number of species occurring frequency in spring, summer, autumn, and winter were 21, 18, 11 and 8, respectively. The individual number and total fresh weight were the largest in winter, which were 1336 inds and 2385.6g, respectively, while the individual number and total fresh weight were small in the spring, with the values of 296 inds and 1835.4g, respectively. The individual number and species were discovered 938 inds and 35 species at high tidal flat, 1547 inds and 42 species at middle tidal flat, and 531 inds and 40 species at low tidal flat. The dominant species of benthos were Palaemon carinicauda in four seasons. The largest individual number and the heaviest fresh weight of the dominant species were 52.02% of the total individual number and 35.38% of the total fresh weight. Four species diversity indices (the Shannon-Wiener index, Pelou's evenness index, Margalef's species richness index and Simpon index)of the benthic community were various in the four seasons. Margalef's species richness index was the highest in the Summer, and the other values were the highest in the Spring. The values of Shannon-Wiener index and Pelou's evenness index were low in the Winter,and Margalef's species richness index and Simpon index were low in the Autumn.4.The investigation on the waterbirds in the Taipa-Coloane reclamation site, which included the Lotus Flower Bridge, the Taipa-Coloane and the wetland near the Taipa-Coloane area were conducted in 2003 - 2004. The result revealed that there are 83 species of waterbirds in the reclamation site. 40 species of these birds can be found in the Lotus Flower Bridge wetland, 50 species can be found in the Taipa-Coloane wetland and 75 species can be found in the wetland near the Taipa-Coloane zone, and they respectively accounted for 57.83%, 60.24% and 90.36% of the total waterbirds recorded in Macao Taipa-Coloane reclamation site. In these 83 waterbirds species, 56 of which are Palaearctic birds, 23 are widespread birds and 4 are Oriental birds.Both the winter birds and Passage migrant were dominant in the Taipa-Coloane reclamation site in Macao, among which 19 species of winter birds and 17 species of Passage migrant were found in the Lotus Flower Bridge wetland, respectively accounting for 22.89% and 20.48% of the total number of types of waterbirds recorded in the Taipa-Coloane reclamation site. 18 species of winter birds and 25 species of Passage migrant were in the Taipa-Coloane wetland, which account for 21.69% and 30.12% of the total number of waterbirds recorded in the Taipa-Coloane reclamation site. 26 species of winterbirds and 39 species of Passage migrant were found in the wetland near the Taipa-Coloane area, which account for 31.33% and 46.99% of the total number of waterbirds found in the Taipa-Coloane reclamation site.In these waterbirds, 39 species of wader birds and 9 species of swim birds were in the Lotus Flower Bridge wetland, which account for 46.99% and 10.84% of the total number of waterbirds in Macao, respectively. 40 species of wader birds and 10 species of swim birds were in the Taipa-Coloane wetland, which account for 48.19% and 12.05% of the total number of waterbirds in Macao, respectively. 63 species of wader birds and 12 species of swimmer birds were recorded in the wetland near the Taipa-Coloane zone, which account for 75.90% and 14.47% of the total number of types of waterbirds recorded in Macao.The Shannon-Weiner index, Margalef species richness index and Pielou equitability index of the wetland near the Taipa-Coloane area, with the values of 2.77, 7.10 and 0.64, respectively, were higher than other wetlands from 2003 to 2004. The Simpson dominance index of the Taipa-Coloane wetland and the Lotus Flower Bridge wetland, with the value of 0.16, was higher than that of the wetland near the Taipa-Coloane area in the same season. In the spring, the Shannon-Weiner and the Margalef species richness index of the wetland near the Taipa-Coloane area, with the values of 3.11 and 7.50, respectively, were higher than those of other wetlands. In the Summer and Winter, the Pielou equitability index and the Simpson dominance index of the Taipa-Coloane wetland, with the values of 0.80 and 0.38, respectively, were higher than those of other wetlands.
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