Study On Spatial And Temporal Distribution And Satellite Observation Method Of Air Water Resource In Inner Mongolia

China suffers serious water shortage. The water resource per capita in China is only a quarter of the average value of the world, and is non-uniformly distributed. Northern China, especially the northwest China is a typical drought and semi-arid climate region, and suffers the most serious water shortage in China. Global warming is main feature of earth climate in the resent century. It has affected and will continue to affect the global natural ecosystem and society economy. Climate change has attracted much attention recently, especially the effects on water resource.Air water resource is the sum of the solid, liquid and water vapor in air, while the amount of solid and liquid water is much less compared with gaseous water. Water sources at ground come from air water sources. Precipitable water is the sum of the water vapor in an air column. It is the depth of liquid water if all the vapor condensates on the base of the air column. It is very important to measure and to monitor water vapor in the air, because it plays a very important role in weather modification and forecast, climate, and atmospheric radiation transfer. Earth observing technology is changing from ground to air, along with the improvements of satellite technology. Satellite-based observation is becoming a main method to measure the Earth system because its precision is improving and resolution is higher and higher. The main aim of this study is to develop a method suitable for measurement of the atmosphere over Inner Mongolia area.In this thesis, the characteristics and trend of nineteen parameters for cloud cover, spatial and temporal distributions of precipitation and precipitatble water in Inner Mongolia area are obtained using trend analysis and statistical methods as well as various datasets including the cloud climate data of International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), historical weather maps, cloudiness, cloud shapes, sixteen weather phenomena and daily precipitation amount observed from 25 meteorological stations in the central Inner Mongolia, monthly precipitation amount from 117 ground observatories and 12 sounding stations. Also analyzed are the characteristics of precipitating clouds, synoptic systems, precipitation type and intensity in the central Inner Mongolia region. The temporal distribution and trend of climatic factors are analyzed.GPS data and ground-based measurements of humidity parameters (such as vapor pressure and dew point temperature) are used to amend the expression for calculation of atmospheric precipitatble water. An empirical model to calculate the atmospheric precipitable water over Inner Mongolia area has been established.The method to calculate precipitable water in MODIS near-infrared clear sky air and over cloud top is amended based on humidity parameters measured on the ground and MODIS data. A model that calculates the total precipitable water in clouds over Inner Mongolia has been established. The results of this model are consistent to the value that calculated with surface fog point. The error of mean square is obviously decrease and correlation coefficient is increase contrast to Dr. Gao's results of NASA.