| Water resources belong to the basic natural resources and strategic economy resources, not only an important part of the water resource, but also the main water supply sources in China. Most Chinese reside in the plain area, the economic activities mainly happen in the plain area, the utilization and development of groundwater occur in the plain area, and also most of excessively pumping areas and potential regions are distributed in plain areas, which leads to various biological environmental problems and geological disasters caused by irrational exploitation and utilization happening in the plain area too. Liaoning province is one of the provinces in China with severe water shortage; the groundwater is main water supply source. The characteristics of the middle-plain area are dense population, developed agriculture and industries, and the obvious contradiction between water resources supply and demand. The study is conducting research on the analysis method and simulation model of the groundwater system and related parameters, constructing a numerical simulation model for groundwater system in typical area, with the concept of sustainable use and exploitation as guidance, evaluating the scheme of the regional groundwater's utilization and exploitation, establishing corresponding evaluation model, providing theoretical foundation and decision support for the sustainable development of the society, economy and environment, further developing the theory and method of the related parameters simulation for groundwater system in the plain area.The main research contents and achievements are as followed:(1) Using sensitivity method to determine the calculation model of hydro-geological parameters:Hydro-geological parameters are important basic data for evaluating groundwater resources and decision-making and pumping test is the main method to determine hydro-geological parameters. In this paper, on the base of parameter estimation of non equilibrium flow pumping, the sensitivity analysis method is adopted to construct a evaluation model for the hydro-geological parameters. This paper takes the Theis equation for example, introduces the basic principle and calculation procedure of determining the hydro-geological parameters with sensitivity analysis, and conducts example application with programmed calculation procedure. The author firstly proposed an algebra-calculation model using five kinds of stratigraphic characteristics, twelve kinds of well-types' drawdown and sensitivity coefficient, widening the application range of the sensitivity analysis method for the hydro-geological parameters, solving the current problem that the hydro-geological parameters must be determined by using unsteady flow tests' data under the Theis assumption. Through the instance the method have been proved simple, efficient, practical and with objectivity.(2) The study on the generalized simulation method of variable hydro-geological parameters.In numerical simulation of groundwater, the parameters are usually distributed according to the practical hydro-geological conditions, and the unit in the same parameters regionalization is considered having the same hydro-geological parameters, which inevitably brings certain errors to the simulation result due to the aquifer's spatial variation. Therefore, this paper considers the characteristic which is the aquifer's deposition with stratification, researches and explores the method that considers parameters' vertical-dynamic change to generalize and simulate the regional hydro-geological parameters, taking both trend change in the plane range and layer change in the vertical direction into account. In the process of numerical simulation, the hydro-geological parameters of the mined aquifer change with the change of water level. The application of numerical modeling method to the parameters simulation of two-dimensional sedimentation tank equals constructing a 3-D geological conceptual model, not only improving the precision of 2-D simulation, but also overcoming the complexity of the 3-D simulation.(3) The evaluation for groundwater replenishment and drainage modulus:In the process of the simulation for groundwater system, groundwater replenishment and drainage modulus are the important factors which could affect the precision of simulation. With the Liaoning plain area as an example, the author collected historical test data widely, with related technology standard as reference, finally summarized and concluded the calculation methods for various replenishment and drainage modulus including rainfall-infiltration-recharge modulus, inland river- leakage-recharge modulus, irrigation district-main canal-leakage-recharge modulus, main drainage channel-leakage-recharge modulus, paddy field's surface-leakage- recharge modulus, pool-leakage-recharge modulus, phreatic water-evaporation modulus, salt and fresh water-complement and exhaust-boundary modulus, II-channel boundary modulus, etc. The research results provide parameters preparation for further constructing a mathematical model for groundwater system, meanwhile laying the foundation for constructing standard parameters sets in Liaoning plain area, providing a reference to the study on related parameters in northern China.(4) Numerical-simulation study on plains Groundwater system: To construct numerical-simulation model for groundwater system is a basic work to conduct quantities research on groundwater evaluation, development and utilization. This paper uses Liaoning plain area as an example to construct the mathematical model for groundwater system in typical area, making 2-D numerical discrete with modified finite element method to the model, applying various parameter in this paper to the model, checking and testing the model using groundwater flow field and the dissection of the node-water level's statistical of machining error method. The results show that the model has higher precision. The construction of this model provides providing basis for researching the master of groundwater resource, and provides reference value to model study about other similar area in China.(5) The evaluation of the scheme for sustainable utilization of the groundwater resource:This paper puts forward an evaluation index system for realizing the sustainableutilization of groundwater with considering some factors such as nature, technology, economy, ecology, which leads to the sustainable utilization of the groundwater. According to the concept of sustainable utilization of groundwater, it drafts the principle for researching groundwater's development and utilization in local area and designs many development schemes with simulation. This paper introduces the synthetic method of objective weight according to the evaluation index and simulation calculation, constructs the evaluation model for the scheme that is about the sustainable utilization of groundwater resource, applying fuzzy optimum-iterative model and the multi objective decision model, providing technical support to macro planning and decision.(6) An optimization model for improving single well benefit of electro-mechanical well:This paper constructs the optimization model for improving single well benefit fromimproving the benefit of the single electro-mechanical well by analyzing the situation of groundwater, electro-mechanical well and agriculture irrigation for sectional region scientifically, and to introduce the fuzzy-mathematical concept that is set as the object for the maximum economic benefit and the most optimal ecological benefit. It breaks the research method that the object is the maximum economic benefit only and provides basic theory for regional agricultural sustainable development, optimization of farming structure and rational distribution of groundwater resources.(7) Sustainable utilization and exploitation and protected mode of groundwater resource:This paper puts forward four kinds of mode for utilization and exploitation and protectedmode of groundwater according to the main problem about utilizing and developing the groundwater, and considering groundwater general development strategy, groundwater global utilization and development strategy as well as the development and utilization about the funnel area and rich water-contained area. The groundwater resource could not be exploited blindly, which will initiate a series of environmental and geological problem. However, to forbidden and limit pumping blindly is also incorrect. The four modes includes: utilizing groundwater sustainably by paying attention to development and projection, combining utilization of groundwater and surface water, controlling environment deterioration in excessively pumped areas by using limited-pumping recirculation, utilizing the function of regulation and storage capacity of groundwater reservoir fully in rich- water-contained area, providing reference to the strategy for sustainable utilization and development of groundwater in plains.
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