| Several locations along the coast of China were selected as the representative study areas of China coast: Jiaozhou Bay, Changjiang River Estuary, Xiamen Harbor (including a brackish lake in Xiamen Island: Yundang Lake), Daya Bay, Hong Kong waters, and the ecology and taxonomy of nano-diatoms were studied by using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The ecological studies include the species composition, dominant species composition, cell abundance, spatial-temporal distribution, seasonal dynamic and community structure; the taxonomic studies include morphological observation, identification, habitats, and ecological distribution of each nano-diatom species using electron microscope, and the description of the new species and new record taxa for China. In addition, the taxonomic study of cryptical diatom species was made for the common red tide causative diatoms: Skeletonema and Pseudo-nitzschia . The main results were showed as following:1. The community structure of nano-diatom assemblages were investigated monthly from June, 2005 to June, 2006 in Jiaozhou Bay, and 69 diatom species and varieties belonging to 23 genera were identified. Monthly changes of dominant species were great and the annual dominant species are Cyclotella crytica (3.86×104cells/L) and Navicula perminuta (3.4×104cells/L), with their annual percentage contribution to total nano-diatom assemblage reaching 8.41% and 7.41% respectively. The monthly ranges of average cell abundance of nano-diatoms are 4～125.6×103cells/L and the annual average cell abundance was 3.53×104cells/L. The cell abundance of nano-diatoms reached its maximum value in April, 2006 (1.26×105cells/L). The average percentage contribution of nano-diatoms to total diatom assemblage is 83.59%. The annual average Shannon diversity index (H) of nano-diatom assemblage is 3.22.2. The community structure of nano-diatom assemblages were studied in May,...
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