| Oasis is one special geographical landscape produced and developed by rivers in arid area, and in which natural power and human power play important roles together in ecological evolution. Although its dimension is 4%--5% of total arid area dimension, more than 90% population and 95% wealth of the arid area gathers in oases. Oasis is not only quintessence of the arid area, but also the most important activity spot in which people exploited resources and developed production and so on. Then oasis sustainable development had been the main research field of the arid area sustainable development.Tarim River is the life line which guarantees to develop continuously the oasis economy , guarantees the natural ecology and people life against loss in Tarim basin. The river is the key to stabilize and develop oasis in Tarim Basin, and it is playing essential roles in the total ecological environmental construction of Xinjiang and the total target of sustainable development. Taking the farmed area of lowest reach of Tarim River as the studying area, by using the theory and method of Landscape ecology, this dissertation discussed and analyzed systematically the landscape pattern and its optimization and distribution of the studying area.This dissertation can be divided into three parts.In the first part, it focused on theory analysis and summarization. Firstly, the reason and significance of studying the topic is introduced. Then by the overview of research articles on landscape ecology and oasis landscape, it discussed the concepts, theory, research method and applying of landscape ecology. On the basis of summarizing the development of landscape ecology, the studying content and outline of this dissertation is decided. Thirdly, it discussed the current landscape ecological distribution of Tarim Basin, and analyzed its forming causes. By analyzing the forming process of landscape ecological distribution of Tarim Basin and landscape characteristics, it focused on main drives in geological times and human times, which impulses landscape evolution. In the part, the conclusion was put forward that landscape pattern of the studying area was formed mainly by natural ecological process, meanwhile human activities mould various landscape ecological types, and produced unfavourable effect on regional dissert landscape and green corridor landscape.The second parts, from the fourth to the sixth, is the main body of the dissertation. It discussed the regional ecological problems, by investigating and analyzing, with GIS, it canvassed the landscape change, and evaluated oasis landscape function, and put forward environmental problems in the lowest reach of Tarim Basin. The main conclusions are as follows.(1)the area of sand land and rough grassland is always the highest in the studying area, and it was getting greater with the lessening of river water, meanwhile the area of bush, garden plot, grassland and paddy fields was lessening. This change manifested that dissert landscape base is the key factor which controls the landscape pattern, landscape function and developing process, and is the source of the weak ecological environment.(2) The highly developed area had a larger Landscape diversity and evenness while the landscap dominance were less and water resources were more abundant in the aspect of naturn condition; and there was great difference for landscape diversity, dominance and evenness in various time and region.In the third part, problems of ecological environment of the studying area were discussed, then the resolving project of improving oasis landscape ecological distribution is put forward, which is under the commitment of water resources and the total target of regional sustainable development. In the conclusion, it summarized the main ideas and put forward some problems which needed further studying. Lastly, the working plan on the field in the future was discussed.
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