| Mangroves are woody plant communities in the intertidal zone of tropical coast. Mangroves are major producers of detritus that will provide a lot of food to macrobenthic, which was main food of waterbirds on mudflat. Simultaneity, mangroves can provide habitat for bird's resting and breeding. So bird's species diversity in mangrove area is high.Bird of four mangrove areas in Southern Fujian was studied from december 1999 to march 2003. Bird species composition and their faunal were discussed. By comparing mangroves ' distribution, the function of mangrove to bird species and quantity were analyzed. Habitat changing and its effect on birds were analyzed also. Temmporal variation of density, biomass and ash free biomass of macrobenthic and at Quanzhou and Yunxiao mangrove areas was analyzed. The correlation between macrobenthic and waterbirds on mudflat was discussed. Prey-excluded experiment for analyzing bird feeding intension on macrobenthic was done at Yunxiao mangrove area. The effect of culturing clam seedling at Yunxiao mangrove area on birds was discussed.187 bird species, belonging 33 families 11 orders were recorded during the study period in the four mangrove areas. 89, 143, 131 and 107 bird species were recorded at Dongyu, Quanzhou, Yunxiao and Fenglin mangrove area respectively. Integrating the result done by Songxianjun in 1996, 194 bird species, belonging to 36 families 11 orders were recorded at Southern Fujian mangrove areas. Among them, 120 species were paleartics, 55 species were oriental and 19 species were wide distributive species; 84 species were songbirds, 62 species were waders, 23 species were waterfowl, 14 species were climbing-bird, 7 species were raptor and 4 species were land-bird; 85 species were wintering, 59 species were resident, 39 species were traveling and llspecies were summering; 14 species were national conservation bird, 53 specieswere migrant protecting both by Chinese and Australia, 94 species were migrant protecting both by Chinese and Japanese.Bird species compositions were different in the four mangrove areas. Most species were songbirds, wader and swimmer at Yunxian and Quanzhou mangrove areas. At Fenglin and Dongyu mangrove areas and most of species were wader. The difference in bird species composition might be caused by the height of mangroves, distribution of vegetation and differece of habitat types.The result of comparing bird species and quantities among four mangrove areas indicated that bird species and quantities in mangrove was positive correlated with area of mangrove, higher mangrove can providing breeding habitat for some herons and songbirds. The effect of patchy-distribution of mangrove on birds was complexity. Its increased habitat heterogeneity can attract some different type birds. However, its result of fragmetating mangrove habitat decreased the species diversity and population size of birds.Bird species in mangrove areas changed monthly from 57 to 104, in which March was the largest and June was the least. Different studied areas had different bird's species monthly changing trend. Poupulation size of birds in Quanzhou, Dongyu and Fenglin had a high peak in winter and dropped to the lowest in summer. But at Yunxiao mangrove area, as result of a lot of herons breeding in mangrove in summer, population size of birds didn't dropped down significantly in summer.Exploitation and reducing mangrove area at Dongyu mangrove area had changed population size of birds, community-structure and species diversity. Exploitation resulted diversification of habitat type which increasing some bird species. However, mangrove and mudflat reducing resulted disappear of some bird species. By comparing with 1996, the population size of herons, ducks and gulls in 2002 was reducing 85.6%, 98.3% and 97.6%, the species diversity and evenness of birds were reduced. Building of rocky-bank in Fenglin mangrove area make herons which resting on mangrove reduced 69.9%, little egret reduced 77.6%.Our correlation analysis between macrobenthic and water...
|
PDF Full Text Request