| Wildlife as an important component plays a very important role in ecosystem, and its ecological functions are known gradually. As an indicator of biodiversity and the function of ecosystem, avian community plays important role in either the natural or artificial ecosystem. With expansion of urbanization in the world, the research on wildlife, especially on birds in the urban area has become a hot field of ecology. In the meantime, investigation on the urban avian community, its habitats and their relationship is of great significance and helps to enrich the theories of community ecology, urban ecology and conservation biology, and can contribute to better understanding the role of bird community in urban ecosystem and the relationship between avian community and environmental protection. Based on these considerations concerned above, we studied the urban avian community in Shanghai at a large scale, analyzed characteristics of urban avian community and the relationship between bird and its habitats, and discussed how to protect the urban avian community and its environment.In this paper, based on results of survey of avian community in two years, we studied the urban avian community and evaluated the quality of regional environment. The advantages of this research are following: Firstly, the big city (Shanghai) with high speed of urbanization was selected as the research background, which represents the trend of urbanization well. Secondly, the main urban avian community has been studied because the research range was larger than before in Shanghai area. Thirdly, the birds and its extant habitats in four typical types, which were wetland (WTL), woodland (WDL), agriculture land (AL), public green land (PGL), have been compared. Fourthly, the birds and its extant habitats have been delineated through GIS. Finally, we added the Relative Body Weight into the traditional formulation of the Importance Value (IV) of birds. The major conclusions from this research are following:1. The structure of urban avian community. Total of 195 species, which belong to 16 orders and 37 families, were recorded in summer and winter. Among them, the percentage of winter migrants, summer migrants, residents, migrants were 31.28%, 12.82%, 21.03% and 34.87%, respectively. The species number of Passeriformes was the highest, accounting for 49.74% of total species. We found 21 species of all were listed in the Red Book of China, which was 10.77% of total species. Among the four habitats the wetland had the most endangered species (11 species), so the wetland was very important in the urban ecosystem. Nests building on trees and shrub were much more than on others. The birds feeding on tree and ground were a slight more than on others. The average density in four habitats was 4.8526 ind./hm2. The average biomass was 1248.63g/hm2. Tree sparrow (Passer montanus) was the most abundant. The Shannon- Weiner index, evenness index, dominance index of avian community was 3.0272, 0.5741, and 0.1375, respectively. The results of Cluster Analysis (CA) showed clusters of all samples were divided into 5 groups on the linkage of 18, the first group contained the most samples of agriculture land, the second group contained the mostsamples of woodland and public green land, the third group contained the most samples of wetland, and the fourth and fifth groups contained one of the two special samples (FDJS, WMZH) separately. The conclusion of CA was in accordance with the result of survey, so CA is a good tool for gradient analysis and ordination of unknown community.2. Comparison on avian community among four habitats. In the four typical habitats, the sequence of species richness was: PGL(public green land)>WTL(wetland) >WDL (woodland) >AL(agriculture land), among which PGL and AL contained 107 and 76 species, respectively. The sequence of density was: PGL>WDL>AL>WTL . The sequence of dominance was: PGL>WDL>WTL>AL. The sequence of biomass was: WDL>PGL>WTL>AL. The results showed the similarity between field and green land was the hi...
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