| The five genera of Orthocladiinae, including Corynoneura from the worldwide,Thienemanniella from East Asia,Nanocladius from East Asia,Paracladius from East Asia, Paratrichocladius from East Asia, belongs to Diptera, Nematocera, Chironomidae, Corynoneura group and Cricotopus generic complex, which was poorly studied in the world. East Asia included China,Mongolia,Korea,Japan,Russian Far East, belong to the Sino-Indian Region (except Southeast Asia) which is one of the largest areas in Banarescu's zoogeographic regionalization and rich in species diversity. This thesis is the first comprehensive revised systematic study on the subfamily from China. This thesis is the first comprehensive revised systematic study on the five genera.The dissertation comprises three main sections:introduction, classification and bio-geographic analysisIn the section of introduction, the research history and current research status of the five genera are reviewed both in East Asia and worldwideï¼›classification and morphological characters in each genus are introduced together with the taxonomic statusï¼›material collection and handling in addition to investigation area are described. Objectives and significance of this study are also stated.In the section of classification, keys to genera and species in the worldwide (3), East Asia (1) or Sino-Indian Region (1) are given. Generic characters of recognized genera in the dissertation are revised and amended.101 species in 5 genera of the five genera are described in detail with 456 morphological figures. Among the taxa,14 species are described based on more than two stage (male, female, larvae or pupa); 36 species are described as new to science; 18 species are newly recorded to the Oriental Region; 11 species are newly recorded to the Palaearctic Region; 21 species are for the first time to China; 1 species is recorded as male adults for the first time to China; 6 wrong recorded in China,1 synonym,2 new combinations and 3 nomen dubiums are proposed.Synonyms of each known taxon are listed in chronological order. The available data on geographical distribution are also reported. The preliminary estimate of the phylogenetic relationships of the sufficiently known males of Corynoneura and Thienemanniella are given.36 species are described as new to science (including 20 species published in 2008-2010): Corynoneura acuminata sp. n., Corynoneura ascensa sp. n., Corynoneura capitanea sp. n., Corynoneura caudicula sp. n., Corynoneura confidens Fu, S(?)ther et Wang,2010, Corynoneura cylindricauda Fu, S(?)ther et Wang,2010, Corynoneura disinflata sp. n., Corynoneura floridaensis sp. n., Corynoneura hortonensis sp. n.,Corynoneura inefligiata Fu, S(?)ther et Wang,2010, Corynoneura korema Fu, S(?)ther et Wang,2010, Corynoneura latusatra Fu, S(?)ther et Wang,2010, Corynoneura macdonaldi Fu, S(?)ther et Wang,2010, Corynoneura medicina Fu, S(?)ther et Wang, 2010, Corynoneura molecula sp.n., Corynoneura nankaiensis Fu, S(?)ther et Wang,2010, Corynoneura porrecta sp. n., Corynoneura prominens Fu, S(?)ther et Wang,2010, Corynoneura radiata sp. n., Thienemanniella absens Fu, S(?)ther et Wang,2010, Thienemanniella hainanensis Fu, S(?)ther et Wang,2010, Thienemanniella sichuana Fu, S(?)ther et Wang,2010, Thienemanniella triangula Fu, S(?)ther et Wang,2010, Thienemanniella wuyiensis Fu, S(?)ther et Wang,2010, Nanocladius (Nanocladius) baltus Fu & Wang,2009, Nanocladius (Nanocladius)calvatus Fu & Wang, Nanocladius (Nanocladius)taiwanensis Fu & Wang, Nanocladius (Nanocladius)trinus Fu & Wang, Paracladius ovatus Fu, Wang et Andersen,2010, Paratrichocladius aduncus sp. n., Paratrichocladius bicinctus sp. n., Paratrichocladius caestus sp. n., Paratrichocladius comptus sp. n., Paratrichocladius sagittarius sp. n., Paratrichocladius ternarius sp. n., Paratrichocladius tridens Fu & Wang.18 species are newly recorded to Oriental Region (including 13 species published): Corynoneura ferelobatus Sublette et Sasa (published), Corynoneura lobata Edwards (published), Corynoneura scutellata Winnertz (published), Coiynoneura yoshimurai Tokunaga (published), Thienemanniella clavicornis Kieffer (published), Thienemanniella ginzanquerea Sasa & Suzuki (published), Thienemanniella ginzanquinta (Sasa et Suzuki) Fu et. al (published), Thienemanniella nipponica Tokunaga (published), Thienemanniella obscura Brundin (published), Thienemanniella togamijika Sasa & Okazawa (published), Thienemanniella tusimufegea Sasa & Suzuki (published), Thienemanniella xena Roback (published), Thienemanniella yakysetea Sasa et Suzuki (published), Paratrichicladius ater Wang & Zheng, Paratrichocladius guidalii Rossaro, Paratrichocladius pretorianus Freeman, Paratrichocladius pierfrancescoi Rossaro, Paratrichocladius skirwithensis (Edwards).11 species are newly recorded to Palaearctic Region (including 6 species published): Corynoneura arctica Kieffer (published), Corynoneura edwardsi Brundin (published), Corynoneura ferelobatus Sublette et Sasa (published), Corynoneura gratias Schlee (published), Thienemanniella ginzanquinta (Sasa et Suzuki) Fu et. al (published), Thienemanniella xena Roback (published), Paracladius akansextus Sasa & Kamimura, Paracladius quadrinodosus Hirvenoja, Paratrichicladius hamatus Wang& Zheng, Paratrichocladius lanzavecchiai Rossaro, Paratrichocladius skirwithensis (Edwards).21 species are recorded for the first time to china (including 14 species published): Corynoneura arctica Kieffer (published), Corynoneura edwardsi Brundin (published), Corynoneura ferelobatus Sublette et Sasa (published), Corynoneura gratias Schlee (published), Corynoneura yoshimurai Tokunag (published), Thienemanniella clavicornis Kieffer (published), Thienemanniella ginzanquerea Sasa & Suzuki (published), Thienemanniella ginzanquinta (Sasa et Suzuki) Fu et. al. (published), Thienemanniella nipponica Tokunaga (published), Thienemanniella obscura Brundin (published), Thienemanniella togamijika Sasa & Okazawa (published), Thienemanniella tusimufegea Sasa & Suzuki (published), Thienemanniella xena Roback (published), Thienemanniella yakysetea Sasa et Suzuki (published), Paracladius akansextus Sasa & Kamimura, Paracladius quadrinodosus Hirvenoja, Paratrichocladius guidalii Rossaro, Paratrichocladius lanzavecchiai Rossaro, Paratrichocladius pretorianus Freeman, Paratrichocladius pierfrancescoi Rossaro, Paratrichocladius skirwithensis (Edwards).1 species are recorded as male adults for the first time to China:Paracladius conversus (Walker).6 wrong recorded in China of Wang (2000) are corrected:Corynoneura celtica Edwards (Wang 2000:635), Corynoneura scutellata Winnertz (Wang 2000:635), Coiynoneura yashimurai (Wang 2000:635), Thienemanniella majuscula (Edwards) (Wang 2000:640), Thienemanniella vittata (Edwards) (Wang 2000:640), Nanocladius bicolor (Zetterstedt) (Wang 2000:637). 1 synonym is established:Corynoneura oxfordana Boesel and Winner syn. n. (= Corynoneura lobata Edwards).2 new combinations are proposed:Thienemanniella ginzanquinta (Sasa et Suzuki) Fu et. al (published), Rheocricotopus (Psilocricotopus) tamabrevis (Sasa et Suzuki) Comb.n.3 nomen dubiums are proposed:Thienemanniella brevidensi Sahin, Thienemanniella cubita Garrett, Thienemanniella mallochi Sublette.A preliminary biogeographic analysis of the worldwide and Sino-Indian fauna is made based on the genera and species distribution data (5 genera and 196 species in the world). The data statistics reflects that Sino-Indian Region has high species diversity (124 species,63% of species number the worldï¼›90 endemic species,46% of species number of the world) in the world. Sino-Indian Region could be one of the centers of origin and speciation of the Subfamily Tanypodinae. It is obvious that the species distributed in Palaearctic Region are regarded as dominant in the world (59 endemic species,30% of species number the world). Zoogeographic analysis shows this 5 genera in the world has a subtropical and temperate distribution. Based on Banarescu's freshwater zoogeographic regionalization, this 5 genera in East Asia have 6 distributional categories on the specific lever in Sino-Indian Region. The data statistics shows East Asia have high species diversity (98 species,50% of species number the world). Banarescu's zoogeographic regionalization and the traditional regionalization are compared. Based on the higher common species distribution in oriental China and Japan (Palaeactic Region), Banarescu's zoogeographic delimitation is more reasonable than the traditional Sclater-Wallance regionalization for aquatic Chironomidae.The list of incorrect identification and correction, geographical distribution chart of the five genera, morphological characters states matrix, the species name indexes in both Chinese and Latin are provided as appendixes.All studied the Chinese specimens (including type materials) are deposited in the Lab of Chironomidology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, China.
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