A Study On The Changes And Impacts Of Egyptian Cholera Quarantine Measures In The 19th Centur

The smallpox epidemic has left an indelible mark in the history of human civilization.In turn,the human society has also influenced the prevention and treatment mode of smallpox epidemic.In the 19 th century,England suffered a serious threat from smallpox.With the development of medical technology,people were not at a loss to prevent smallpox,and vaccination technology played a crucial role in it.However,at that time,there were serious deficiencies in the vaccination system,medical staff and the education of the public on the concept of prevention,which made the prevention of smallpox in Britain faced a serious dilemma.In the mid-19 th century,with the improvement of national health governance capacity,the practice of universal vaccination became possible.The Vaccination Act of 1840 was the beginning of government intervention in vaccination.However,voluntary vaccination did not prevent smallpox well.Subsequently,the British government promulgated the new Vaccination Act in 1853,which meant that the compulsory system of vaccination was formed by means of administrative punishment.Although it was not strictly enforced,it was the first act in Britain to use the power of the state to intervene in health matters,and it was significant.It indicates that vaccination has entered a relatively regular and systematic stage of steady development.While vaccination rates fluctuated over the next few years,congress passed various vaccination acts to improve and consolidate the mandatory smallpox vaccination system.In practice,medical experts,led by John Simon of the Privy Council Medical Department,use survey reports to obtain information about vaccination in different regions,analyze deficiencies in vaccination efforts,and seek solutions based on which vaccination can be promoted more widely.However,the promotion of the Compulsory Vaccination System has been hampered by weak implementation within the government and opposition attacks on the technology.This led to a large and organized anti-vaccination coalition in Britain in the 1870 s,calling on the government to repeal the compulsory vaccination act.In 1889,the British government was pressured by public opinion to investigate the practice of compulsory smallpox vaccination,and in 1898 introduced a “conscientious objection” clause allowing an exemption.Nevertheless,the compulsory smallpox vaccination system was a real improvement in the prevention and control of infectious diseases in the British,and it helped reduce the death rate of smallpox to some extent.More noteworthy is the change in the role of the British government and the way of health management in the prevention and treatment of smallpox in the 19 th century.It is no longer the superficial involvement of the past “point to point”,but the government’s direct intervention in the management of medical affairs.In the second half of the 19 th century,the compulsory smallpox vaccination system was the beginning of the British government’s large-scale top-down medical intervention,which was the product of the combination of medicine and political power.