Analysis Of The Status And Influencing Factors Of Mental Health Of The Endemic Minorities In Yunnan

Objective(s): To understand the mental health literacy and the incidence of mental illness among the endemic minorities in Yunnan,and explore its influencing factors,to provide reference for promoting the "Healthy Yunnan Action-Mental Health Promotion Action",improving the mental health literacy of residents in our province and delaying the rising prevalence of mental illness.Methods: Adopting the sampling method of combining stratified multi-stage sampling and PPS sampling,this paper conducted a field questionnaire survey on the endemic minority residents(indigenous residents)aged 18-65 in Yunnan Province by using the short version of the National Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire,MAST Scale,PHQ-9 Scale,GAD-7 Scale,ISI Scale and the self-made basic information questionnaire.Epidata3.1 was used for data double entry,and SPSS 26.0 was used to analyze the mental health literacy,alcohol dependence,depression,anxiety and insomnia of the unique minority residents in Yunnan Province by using the statistical methods of 2-test,rank sum test and Logistic regression analysis.Results:1.Basic information: This survey was conducted in 14 counties(districts)of 9states(cities)in Yunnan Province.A total of 7,500 questionnaires were distributed and7,169 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective rate of 95.59%.The ratio of male to female residents participating in the survey is 1: 1.04,and the average age of males is(41.59±11.34)years,while that of females is(41.55±11.96)years.2.Mental health literacy level and its influencing factors: The mental health literacy level of Yunnan endemic ethnic minority residents is 2.80%,of which the lowest rate of reaching the standard of core knowledge is 3.93%,and the highest rate of reaching the standard of self-assessment is 79.98%.Univariate analysis showed that the differences of basic demographic factors were statistically significant(P<0.05)except for religious belief(X2= 0.639,P= 0.424).There are statistically significant differences in lifestyle and health behavior factors,including whether smoking,whether people around you smoke,type of drinking water,eating fruits and vegetables,exercise frequency,exercise time,drinking time(year),daily drinking amount and sleeping time(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors finally included in the model were gender,occupation,knowledge of Chinese and sleeping time(P<0.05).3.Alcohol dependence and its influencing factors: 36.01% of the drinking residents have alcohol dependence,and the degree of alcohol dependence is mainly mild(49.03%).Univariate analysis showed that there was no significant difference in basic demographic factors except living area(P >0.05).The differences of other factors were statistically significant(P <0.05).There are statistically significant differences between lifestyle and health behavior factors,including whether smoking,smoking situation of people around,drinking type,eating fruit,exercise time each time,good living habits,chronic diseases,disability or disability,different treatment methods when sick,smoking time(years),number of cigarettes per day(years),drinking time(years)and average daily drinking.The factors that were finally included in the regression equation model by multivariate analysis were: age,religious belief,disability,treatment of illness,daily drinking and daily smoking(P<0.05).4.Status and influencing factors of depression,anxiety and insomnia: The positive rates were 3.17%,2.09% and 23.88%.Univariate analysis showed that the positive rates of depression,anxiety and insomnia were significantly different among different demographic factors(P<0.05).There were significant differences in depression and insomnia among different educational levels and occupations(P<0.05).There were significant differences in depression and anxiety among different marital status(P<0.05).Gender,knowledge of Chinese and personal monthly income were only statistically significant in the positive rate of insomnia(P<0.05).There was significant difference in anxiety positive rate between different living areas X2= 4.608,P=0.032).The positive rates of depression,anxiety and insomnia are shown in the comparison of different lifestyle and health behavior factors.There are statistically significant differences among the three types of positive rates: the types of fruits eaten every day,the types of vegetables eaten every day,the consumption of raw meat,the weekly exercise frequency,the time of each exercise,the average daily water consumption(milliliters),how long it took to fall asleep in the last month(minutes),the actual sleep time every night in the last month(hours).Whether to drink alcohol and the time(year)of drinking alcohol have statistical significance only in the comparison of the positive rate of depression(X2=4.040,P=0.044,Z=-3.135,P=0.002).Whether to smoke,the smoking situation of people around,the type of drinking water and whether to have good living habits were statistically significant(P<0.05).The smoking time(year)was significantly different in the comparison of the positive rates of depression and insomnia(P<0.05).The other differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the main influencing factors of depression were: age,exercise time,chronic diseases,negative life events in the past year,sleep time(minutes)and actual sleep time(hours)(P<0.05);The main influencing factors of anxiety are: age,vegetable consumption,exercise time each time,health status,chronic disease,disability or disability,hospitalization in the past year,treatment of illness,sleep time(minutes)and actual sleep time(hours)(P<0.05);The main influencing factors of insomnia are:gender,age,personal monthly income,type of drinking water,eating vegetables,exercise time,health status,sleep time(minutes)and actual sleep time every night(hours)(P<0.05).Conclusion(s):1.The low level of mental health literacy of the residents of Yunnan’s endemic ethnic minorities is mainly due to the lack of awareness of the core knowledge of mental health.Women and residents who are familiar with Chinese have a high level of mental health literacy.2.Among the residents of endemic ethnic minorities who drink alcohol,the detection rate of alcohol dependence is high,but the degree of alcohol dependence is light.Older age,disability or disability,lower health awareness,and greater smoking and drinking will increase the incidence of alcohol dependence.3.The positive rate of depression and anxiety among the endemic ethnic minorities in Yunnan Province is relatively low,but the positive rate of insomnia is higher than that of depression and anxiety.Depression,anxiety or insomnia are more likely to occur under the influence of chronic diseases,difficulty in falling asleep,hospitalization,negative life events,disability or disability,and the occurrence of depression and anxiety tends to be younger;Proper exercise,healthy physical condition,adequate sleep and reasonable diet are the protective factors to relieve depression,anxiety and insomnia.