| Objective:To clarify the types and dissemination rules of airborne pollen in summer and autumn in Taiyuan City and the distribution of allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis in summer and autumn in Taiyuan City;To clarify the relationship between pollen and meteorological factors and the number of allergen detections in patients with allergic rhinitis.Methods:1.Pollen collectionThe pollen sampling equipment(Durham sampler)was placed on the roof of the 7th floor of the outpatient department of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University,about 21 meters from the ground,with a geographical location of 112°33′0″E and37°51′14″N latitude.From July 21,2022 to October 20,2022,pollen was collected continuously using gravity sedimentation method.Place two slides evenly coated with adhesive in the sampler at 8:00 a.m.every day,and take them at 8:00 a.m.the next day to expose them to the air all day.After taking the slides,stain them with Callberla dye and cover them for 20mm×20mm cover glass,identify and count pollen particles under an optical microscope.The identification method is based on the "Color Map of Airborne Pollen and Plants in China" written by Qiao Bingshan.At the same time,the daily forecast meteorological information on the official website of the Shanxi Meteorological Bureau is recorded,including temperature,humidity,wind power,and othermeteorological data.Count the number of allergen detections and the number of allergen positive people in the allergy department of our hospital during the same period,and record them in the excel table.2.Allergen specific IgE antibody monitoringCollect 4ml of fasting venous blood from patients with suspected allergic rhinitis(AR),set up a centrifuge of 3500r/min,and centrifuge for 10 min to prepare the serum.Using a fully automated immunoblotting apparatus,semi quantitatively detect the s Ig E levels of 20 allergens in vitro according to the inhalation and ingestion allergen specific Ig E antibody detection kit(Omen blotting method),including 10 inhalation allergens:(ts20)tree combination(willow/elm/poplar),(w1)ragweed,(w6)artemisia argyi(dsl)indoor dust mite combination(dust mites/house dust mites),(h1)house dust,(e1)cat hair,(e2)dog epithelium,(i6)German cockroach,(msl)Penicillium punctatus/Aspergillus fumigatus /mycosporum /alternaria,(u80)humulus;10 kinds of edible allergens:(f1)egg white,(f2)milk,(f13)peanuts,(f14)soybeans,(f27)beef,(f88)mutton,(fs33)marine fish combination(lobster/cod/scallop),(f24)shrimp,(f23)crab,(fs34)freshwater fish combination(trout/bass/carp).The testing method and steps shall be completed in strict accordance with the instructions.All operations are performed by the same professional technician.Results:1.During a 92 day(July 21,2022 to October 20,2022)continuous exposure of airborne pollen,a total of 17118 pollen grains were collected,of which 17107 pollen grains were detected by exposure microscopy,14 families,10 genera,4 species,and 11 unidentified pollen grains were identified.In the summer and autumn seasons of Taiyuan City,airborne pollen is mainly scattered by weeds and grasses,mainly including Artemisia(66.62%),Cannabis/Humulus(17.79%),Sophora japonica(8.18%),Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae(2.83%)and Gramineae(2.11%).The total amount of airborne pollens accounts for 97.53% of the total amount of pollens,become thedominant airborne pollen in Taiyuan in summer and autumn.During the entire pollen monitoring period,the highest number of pollen grains was 6677 in early September,followed by 3846 in late August,accounting for 61.47% of the total pollen grains,forming a peak period for pollen dissemination in Taiyuan in summer and autumn.2.Analyze the relationship between airborne pollen concentration and meteorological factors in Taiyuan in summer and autumn.The data shows that the daily average temperature in Taiyuan is 5-20℃,the daily average relative humidity is 55%-75%,and the daily maximum wind power changes at 1-2 levels.The airborne pollen concentration increases with the increase of meteorological factors,while the daily average temperature is greater than 20℃,the daily average relative humidity is 35%-55% or greater than 75%,and the daily maximum wind power level is greater than 2levels,The concentration of airborne pollen decreased with the increase of meteorological factors.3.The relationship between the content of airborne pollen in Taiyuan during the summer and autumn seasons and the number of times allergen specific Ig E antibodies were detected in patients from the Department of Otolaryngology Allergy in our hospital was analyzed.The data showed that the concentration of airborne pollen in Taiyuan during the summer and autumn seasons began to increase continuously in late July,reached a peak in early September,and then gradually decreased in pollen content,reaching the lowest level in mid October.The time trend of the number of allergen detections and the number of allergen positive patients in the Department of Otolaryngology Allergy in our hospital is basically consistent with the time trend of the air pollen concentration,and generally presents a "single peak" curve that rises first and then decreases.The peak appears earlier than the pollen concentration in late August.Pearson correlation analysis was conducted on the distribution of ten-day pollen,the number of patients tested and the number of allergens positive in Taiyuan during the summer and autumn seasons in 2022.The results showed that there was a high correlation between the concentration of ten-day pollen and the number of patients tested and the number of allergens positive,with r values of 0.702,0.747,and P<0.05,respectively.There was a significant correlation between the number of patients tested and the number of allergens positive,with r values of 0.977,and P<0.05.4.The allergen spectrum of 1458 suspected AR patients in Taiyuan during the summer and autumn was analyzed.The data showed that 888 patients(60.91%)showed positive s Ig E reactions,among which Artemisia argyi(48.29%),ragweed(26.54%),and tree combinations(15.09%)were the main allergens in Taiyuan during the summer and autumn;The positive rate of s Ig E in inhaled allergens(58.85%)was significantly higher than that in ingested allergens(14.54%)(P<0.05);There was a statistically significant difference in the positive rate of allergen s Ig E among different ages,and the positive rate of allergen s Ig E tended to decrease with the age of patients(P<0.05);There was a statistically significant difference in the positive rate of allergen s Ig E among different disease severity levels(P<0.05),with the highest rate in the severe symptom group(72.50%);There was a statistically significant difference in the positive rate of allergen s Ig E among different ten-day distributions(P<0.05),with the highest rate in late August(79.89%);The number of positive combinations of allergens in patients ranged from 1to 10,with one combination having the highest(18.59%).Conclusion:1.The peak period of airborne pollen dispersal in Taiyuan in summer and autumn is from late August to early September.The dominant pollen is Artemisia,Cannabis/Humulus,Sophora japonica,Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae,and Gramineae,the absolute dominant pollen is Artemisia.2.Meteorological factors are important factors affecting pollen content.When the daily average temperature is 5-20℃,the daily average relative humidity is 55%-75%,and the daily maximum wind force varies between 1-2 levels,the increase in meteorological factors is conducive to the diffusion and transportation of pollen.3.There is a correlation between the number of pollen grains and the number of allergen specific Ig E antibody tests and the positive rate of allergens in patients from theDepartment of Otolaryngology Allergy in our hospital,which can be used as an environmental warning indicator for the prevalence of allergic rhinitis.4.The main allergens in Taiyuan are wormwood,ragweed and tree combination.The vast majority of patients have multiple sensitization.Age,ten-day distribution and disease severity are also factors that affect the positive rate of allergens. |
PDF Full Text Request