| Objective:1.To preliminary understand the species,quantity,dissemination regulation and distribution features of airborne pollens in Suzhou;To further investigate the relationship between the content of airborne pollens and meteorological factors(temperature,humidity,wind speed,precipitation).2.To investigate the relationship between the dissemination situation of airborne pollens and clinical characteristics of childhood respiratory allergic diseases in Suzhou.Methods:To monitor daily content of airborne pollens by gravity settling method and to identify pollen slide-exposure daily,thus determining the species,quantity,distribution regulation and distribution features of airborne pollens in Suzhou from November 2019 to October 2020.And to analyze the relationship between the content of airborne pollens and meteorological factors(temperature,humidity,wind speed,precipitation).To select 219 children diagnosed definitely with allergic rhinitis(AR)and/or bronchial asthma(AS)in Suzhou from November 2019 to October 2020 and to select twenty inhaled allergens for skin prick test(SPT)according to the vegetation distribution and previous allergens investigation in Suzhou.Then though the statistical analysis of allergen test situations in all children,select out forty-four children with AR or AR combined with AS who had positive pollen tested by SPT for standardized questionnaire survey and record common data and use visual analogue scale(VAS)to evaluate the severity of AR clinical symptoms.Then perform Spearman rank correlation analysis between VAS score and the concentration of airborne pollens in the same month.Statistics of all children treated in the outpatient and emergency department of Children ’s Hospital of Soochow University from November 2019 to October 2020 and collect data using HIS system,to select out the number of patients aged 3～15 years with’AR,AS,AR combined with AS’.And the number of these patients were counted daily and perform Spearman rank correlation analysis with the concentration of airborne pollens in the same day.Results:1.From November 19 to October 2020,a total of 366 slide-exposures were produced and two peaks of pollen content were monitored,which were from March to May(spring)and from September to October(autumn).A total of 9519 pollen grains/1000 mm2 were collected throughout the year and 36 families and genera were identified.And there were 13 species with high pollen content that in sequence of Humulus(1868 grains/1000mm2,19.62%),Poaceae(1747 grains/1000mm2,18.35%),Broussonetia L’Hert.ex Vent.(1450 grains/1000mm2,15.23%),Pinaceae(1260 grains/1000mm2,13.24%),Artemisia(339 grains/1000mm2,3.56%),Lauraceae(215 grains/1000mm2,2.26%),Ulmaceae Mirb.(198 grains/1000mm2,2.08%),Betulaceae(184 grains/1000mm2,1.93%),Platanus(182 grains/1000mm2,1.91%),Cruciferae(182 grains/1000mm2,1.91%),Rosaceae(173 grains/1000mm2,1.82%),Cupressaceae(166 grains/1000mm2,1.74%),Compositae(164 grains/1000mm2,1.72%).2.In spring(March 2020 to May 2020),28 species of airborne pollens were collected with a total of 4731 grains/1000 mm2,that account for 49.70%of the total annual airborne pollens collected.The highest monthly pollen content was 2990 grains/1000 mm2 in April,the highest daily pollen content was 194 grains/1000 mm2,the lowest daily pollen content was 0 grains/1000 mm2,and the average daily pollen content was 51 grains/1000mm2/d.The content of Broussonetia pollen and Pinaceae pollen was larger in spring.And the content of Broussonetia pollen was 1421 grains/1000mm2 in spring that account for 98.00%of the total annual Broussonetia pollen grains and account for 14.93%of the total annual pollen grains and account for 30.04%of the total pollen grains in spring.And the content of Pinaceae pollen was 1248 grains/1000mm2 in spring that account for 99.05%of the total annual Pinaceae pollen grains and account for 26.38%of the total pollen grains in spring.In autumn(September 2020 to October 2020),12 species of airborne pollens were collected with a total of 3668 grains/1000 mm2,that account for 38.53%of the total annual airborne pollens collected.The highest monthly pollen content was 1950 grains/1000 mm2 in September,the highest daily pollen content was 260 grains/1000 mm2,the lowest daily pollen content was 0 grains/1000 mm2,and the average daily pollen content was 60 grains/1000mm2/d.The content of Humulus pollen and Poaceae pollen was larger in autumn.And the content of Humulus pollen was 1744 grains/1000mm2 in autumn that account for 93.36%of the total annual Humulus pollen grains and account for 18.32%of the total annual pollen grains and account for 47.55%of the total pollen grains in autumn.And the content of Poaceae pollen was 1318 grains/1000mm2 in autumn that account for 75.44%of the total annual Poaceae pollen grains and account for 13.85%of the total annual pollen grains and account for 35.93%of the total pollen grains in autumn.3.The annual total content of all kinds of airborne pollens was correlated with meteorological factors(temperature,humidity,wind speed,precipitation),but the correlation was more significant between meteorological factors and pollen content of main airborne pollens in the stable period of dissemination.In the stable period of dissemination,the content of Humulus pollen was positively correlated with temperature and wind speed(r=0.241,0.849,P<0.05),and had no correlation with humidity and precipitation.The content of Poaceae pollen was positively correlated with temperature and wind speed(r=0.114,0.329,P<0.05),negatively correlated with precipitation(r=-0.047,P<0.05),and had no correlation with humidity.The content of Pinaceae pollen was positively correlated with temperature(r=0.071,P<0.05),negatively correlated with humidity(r=-0.036,P<0.05),and had no correlation with wind speed and precipitation.The content of Broussonetia pollen was negatively correlated with temperature and humidity(r=-0.136,-0.053,P<0.05),and had no correlation with wind speed and precipitation.4.219 children with AR and/or AS were selected for SPT and there were 140 males and 79 females,with male to female ratio of 1.77:1 and the median age was 10.0 years(3.0,15.0).And there were 203 children(92.7%)who had positive pollen tested by SPT,and the most common allergen was House dust mites which had 159 cases(72.6%).The SPT results of airborne pollens were as follows:16 cases(7.3%)of Cynodon dactylon,14 cases(6.4%)of Elm pollen,12 cases(5.5%)of Birch pollen,10 cases(4.6%)of Artemisia argyi,8 cases(3.7%)of Phleum pratense,8 cases(3.7%)of Poplar pollen,7 cases(3.2%)of Chenopodium album,7 cases(3.2%)of Triticum aestivum,6 cases(2.7%)of Ambrosia artemisiifolia,6 cases(2.7%)of Brassica napus,5 cases(2.3%)of Willow pollen,4 cases(1.8%)of Platanus pollen,4 cases(1.8%)of Phragmites communis,and 3 cases(1.4%)of Cypress pollen.5.Forty-four children with AR or AR combined with AS were selected who had positive pollen tested by SPT from 219 children diagnosed definitely with AR and/or AS,to analyze the correlation between the content of airborne pollens and VAS symptom score of children in different months.There was a positive correlation between pollen content and sneezing,nose running,nasal obstruction,rhinocnesmus and eye itching(r=0.678,0.698,0.688,0.728,0.687,P<0.05).6.Statistics of children diagnosed with AR,AS and AR combined with AS in Children’s Hospital of Soochow University from June 2020 to October 2020,there were 47189 children with AR(29747 males,17442 females,male-female ratio 1.71:1),8385 children with AS(5814 males,2571 females,male-female ratio 2.26:1),and 1926 children with AR combined with AS(1431 males,495 females,male-female ratio 2.89:1).There was significant difference in gender among the three groups(χ2=209.404,P<0.001).Correlation analysis was performed between the daily content of airborne pollens monitored and the number of children diagnosed with AR,AS,AR combined with AS in Children’s Hospital of Soochow University in the same day,with AR group r=0.214,P=0.008;AS group r=0.088,P=0.278,AR combined AS group r=0.095,P=0.244.Conclusions:(1)The main pollens in spring are Broussonetia pollen and Pinaceae pollen,and the main pollens in autumn are Humulus pollen and Poaceae pollen.There are two peaks of airborne pollen dissemination which were spring and autumn in Suzhou.(2)There is a partial correlation between the content of airborne pollens and meteorological elements in Suzhou.(3)A small proportion of children with respiratory allergic diseases are related to airborne pollens in Suzhou.(4)The content of airborne pollens is positively correlated with the severity of clinical symptoms of children with AR and the number of children with AR treated in the outpatient and emergency department. |
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