A Study On The Mediating Role Of Risk Perception Between Social Support And Self-care Behaviors In A Prediabetic Population With Self-efficacy Regulation Of Health Behaviors

Objective: This study was conducted to understand the current status of risk perception,health behavior self-efficacy,social support and self-care behaviors in the pre-diabetic population,to analyze the differences in risk perception of disease in the pre-diabetic population,and to explore the mediating role of risk perception between social support and self-care behaviors and under the regulation of health behaviors,with the aim of providing a basis for clinical development of targeted intervention programs.Methods: In this study,a face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted from October2021 to August 2022 using the General Information Questionnaire,the Diabetes Risk Perception Scale,the Health Behavior Self-Efficacy Scale,the Social Support Scale,and the Self-Care Behavior Scale on 314 patients with prediabetes in a tertiary hospital health management center in Shenyang,Liaoning Province,using convenience sampling;Epi Data3.0 software was used to The database was established,entered and checked by two people;SPSS25.0 software was used for data analysis,and common method deviation test,descriptive statistics,difference test,correlation analysis,simple mediated effect test,moderated mediated effect test,and simple slope analysis were performed in turn.Results: 1.The scores of risk perception and self-care behavior of pre-diabetic patients were 1.72(1.53,2.03)and 15.29±5.16,which were in the lower middle level,and the scores of health behavior self-efficacy and social support were 84.08±14.87 and39.77±6.87,which were in the lower middle level.2.The degree of risk perception among prediabetic patients differed significantly by age(H=14.365,P=0.002),occupational status(H=12.095,P=0.002),education level(H=9.164,P=0.010),and family history status(Z=-3.131,P=0.002).3.Risk perception was significantly negatively correlated with self-care behavior(r=-275,P<0.001),and the remaining variables social support,self-care behavior,and self-efficacy showed significant positive correlations between two and two(all P<0.001).4.The mediation model held and risk perception played a masking effect between social support and self-care behavior(β=-0.208,P < 0.001),with a mediation effect value of-0.041.5.The interaction term between risk perception and health behavior self-efficacy had a significant effect on selfcare behavior(β=0.150,t=3.564,P<0.001),with a moderated mediation holding;when self-efficacy was below one standard deviation from the mean,the 95% CI excluded 0(-0.058,-0.004),with a significant indirect effect and a mediated effect value of-0.027.When self-efficacy was above one standard deviation from the mean,the 95% CI excluded 0(0.006,0.069),with a significant indirect effect and a mediated effect value of0.033.6.At low self-efficacy,risk perception remained a significant negative predictor of self-care behavior(β=-0.136,t=-2.210,P=0.028);at high self-efficacy,risk perception was a significant positive predictor of self-care behavior(β=0.165,t=2.268,P=0.024).Conclusion: 1.Patients with prediabetes had a low level of overall risk perception.Implementation of self-care behaviors was suboptimal.2.There were differences in the degree of risk perception among the prediabetic population by age,occupational status,education level,and family history status.Pre-diabetic patients 60 years and older,without family history,retired,college and high school educated and below had a lower level of risk perception and needed to be focused on.3.Risk perception showed a significant negative correlation with self-care behavior.There was a positive two-by-two correlation between social support,health behavior self-efficacy,and self-care behavior.4.Risk perception played a masking effect between social support and self-care behavior.In addition to social support positively improving the self-care behavior of diabetic patients,there is a pathway with opposite effects through risk perception.5.Health behavior self-efficacy moderates the second half of the mediating process social support to risk perception to self-care behavior,constituting a mediating model with moderation.At low efficacy,social support negatively influences self-care behavior through risk perception;at high efficacy,the direction of risk perception changes and social support positively influences self-care behavior through risk perception.6.Thus,high risk perception and high performance are more likely to motivate behavior when combined,and caregivers can facilitate the implementation of self-care behaviors by increasing social support and self-efficacy and improving risk perception.