Study On The Health Literacy Status And Influencing Factors Of Functional Community Population

Background Health literacy is the comprehensive ability of individual to acquire and understand health information and knowledge,and to maintain and promote their own health by processing and using these information and knowledge.As a major public health problem,health literacy is highly valued by our government and scholars,and many policies have been issued to promote the improvement of our citizens’ health literacy.Functional community is a community composed of people with the same functions or similar situations,and the groups of enterprises and institutions and migrant workers in industrial parks are the important pillars of social and economic development,primary and secondary school students,elderly groups in old-age institutions and so on are the core groups of Social Security.At the same time,functional community population has its particularity,the same environment,so it has health homogeneity,physical and mental health problems exist greater hidden dangers.At present,there is little investigation and research on the status of health literacy of people in functional communities and its influencing factors,and the status of health literacy of people in functional communities is not clear yet,therefore,it is of great significance to study the status of health literacy and its influencing factors in functional communities for reducing the risk of disease and ensuring physical and mental health.ObjectiveTo understand the overall level of health literacy and the three-dimensional health literacy level of medical care,disease prevention and health promotion among the general population of functional communities in Zongyang,Tongling Province,as well as the population of hospitals,schools,nursing homes and construction sites,to explore the main influencing factors of the health literacy of the population in functional communities and four types of functional communities,and to propose strategies and suggestions for improving the weak links of the health literacy of the population in functional communities,it provides theoretical basis for the management of health literacy in functional communities and data support for the intervention of health literacy in functional communities.MethodsUsing the method of literature review,combing and integrating domestic and foreign policy documents,data and literature,referring to the HLS-EU-Q16 scale for localization revision,after item analysis and reliability and validity test,the questionnaire of health literacy of functional community population was developed.The subjects were selected from hospitals,middle schools,nursing homes and construction sites in Zongyang,Tongling Province,to conduct pre-survey and formal survey,after the reliability and validity test,the results were quantified and divided into low,medium,good and excellent four grades to evaluate the level of health literacy.Data entry was carried out with the software of Epdata 3.1,database was established and imported into the software of Excel 2010,and the missing data and error data were cleaned.Spss17.0software was used to conduct a descriptive analysis on the basic conditions and health literacy scores of the population in Tongling Zongyang functional community survey.Single factor analysis was used to analyze the population of functional communities and four types of functional communities with different demographic and sociological characteristics by Χ2 test.Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of health literacy in the general and four types of functional communities.ResultsA total of 1125 valid questionnaires were collected,including 275 functional communities of hospitals,249 functional communities of schools,325 functional communities of retirement homes,and 276 functional communities of construction sites.The average score of health literacy was 32.558,and the average scores of health care,disease prevention and health promotion were 33.473,30.385 and 33.670 respectively.The average score of health literacy of functional community population in hospital was 38.890,and the average scores of health care,disease prevention and health promotion were 39.445,38.290 and 38.667 respectively.The average score of health literacy in school functional community was 35.333,the average scores of health care,disease prevention and health promotion were 34.873,35.221 and 36.278 respectively.The average score of health literacy of the functional community population in the old-age institutions was 21.427,the average scores of health care,disease prevention and health promotion were 24.426,13.733 and 25.796 respectively.The average scores of health literacy in functional community of construction site were 36.851,and the average scores of health care,disease prevention and health promotion were 36.913,37.753 and 35.612 respectively.The results of univariate analysis combined with logistic regression analysis showed that age,sex,education level,per capita monthly income of family,prevalence,awareness and willingness of self-health management,health education curriculum,social support.The main influences of functional community health literacy include family support and health self-evaluation.Among them,social support is the main factor affecting health literacy of the staff and workers in the functional community of the hospital,social support,health self-evaluation and health education curriculum development are the main influencing factors of Students’ health literacy in school functional communities.Age,education level and family income per month are the main factors influencing the health literacy of the elderly.The main influencing factors of health literacy of migrant workers were gender,family income per month,prevalence of diseases,willingness of self-health management,development of health education courses and family support.ConclusionsThe overall level of health literacy of the population in the functional community survey is in the critical state of good level.The overall level of health literacy of the population in the four functional communities from high to low is: the functional community survey population in hospital,the functional community survey population in construction site,the functional community survey population in school,and the functional community survey population in old-age institutions,the level of health literacy in different types of functional communities is quite different.To improve the health literacy of people in functional communities,we should strengthen the health education and publicity,strengthen the self-health management consciousness of people in functional communities,promote the health literacy of people in functional communities by cooperating with family and society,and guide people in different types of functional communities according to their health literacy needs.