| Objectives:This study aims to delineate the clinical features of patients with Omicron BA.2infection in Jilin Province from March to May 2022,with a comprehensive analysis of potential risk factors that may impact the severity of the disease,the incubation period,and the duration to achieve a negative nucleic acid conversion.Methods:A retrospective study scrutinized the medical data of patients with Omicron BA.2 infection admitted to the Changchun Infectious Disease Hospital and the Jilin Hepatobiliary Disease Hospital from March 10 to May 6,2022.Out of these,311 patients were selected for the study.Based on the severity of the disease,the subjects were partitioned into two cohorts: the mild(M)group(259 patients)and the moderate to severe(MS)group(52 patients).The collected data encompassed demographic and clinical information such as age,gender,vaccination status,incubation period,clinical symptoms,treatment regimens,time to negative nucleic acid conversion,and comorbidities.Laboratory results,including white blood cell count(WBC),hemoglobin(HB),platelet count(PLT),neutrophil count(NE),lymphocyte count(LY),C-reactive protein(CRP),total bilirubin(TBIL),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),and serum creatinine(SCR),were also collated.Ratios of neutrophil to lymphocyte(NLR)and platelet to lymphocyte(PLR)were computed for further analysis.Results:1.In this study,the mean age of patients in the M group was 47.5±16.3 years,whereas the MS group had an average age of 63.7±16.4 years.The proportion of male patients in the MS group was significantly higher than in the M group(59.6% vs 34.4%,P<0.05).Furthermore,a significantly higher vaccination rate was observed in the M group compared to the MS group(82.6% vs 63.5%,P< 0.05).2.The predominant clinical symptoms in patients with Omicron BA.2 infection in Jilin Province were cough(70.0%),fever(34.1%),and sore throat(30.2%).Other symptoms included muscle ache,expectoration,dyspnea,dizziness,headache,diarrhea,loss of taste,nasal congestion,and fatigue.Notably,three-quarters of patients in the MS group experienced two or more symptoms,a difference that bore statistical significance(P< 0.05).3.A higher prevalence of comorbidities,including hypertension(48.1% vs 17.8%,P<0.001),stroke(9.6% vs 2.3%,P=0.023),and chronic airway inflammatory diseases(9.6% vs 1.1%,P= 0.004),was evident in the MS group compared to the M group.4.The statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the two groups in terms of platelet count(PLT),neutrophil count(NE),C-reactive protein(CRP),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)(all P<0.05).The areas under the ROC curves for these factors were 0.635,0.580,0.737,0.574,and0.580,respectively,with optimal cut-off values of 294,3.65,4.785,4.83,and 2.995.These findings suggest that PLT and CRP hold significant potential value in diagnosing moderate to severe COVID-19(P<0.05).5.Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that older age(≥60 years)(OR 2.707,95%CI 1.309-5.599,P=0.007),hypertension(OR 3.285,95%CI1.547-6.973,P=0.002),chronic airway inflammatory disease(OR 9.508,95%CI1.705-53.031,P=0.010)and CRP levels of ≥4.785mg/L(OR 5.792,95%CI2.768-12.120,P<0.001)were identified as independent risk factors for moderate to severe COVID-19.6.The incubation period and the time to negative nucleic acid conversion did not significantly differ between the two groups(P=0.78,P=0.055).However,survival curve and Cox regression analysis demonstrated that patients aged 60 years or older had significantly longer incubation periods(P<0.05),and those with CRP levels of≥4.785mg/L had a significantly prolonged time to negative nucleic acid conversion(P< 0.05).Conclusion:Individuals aged 60 and above,those with elevated C-reactive protein(CRP)levels(≥4.785mg/L),those with hypertension,and those with chronic airway inflammatory diseases are more susceptible to developing moderate to severe COVID-19.The incubation period is notably prolonged among patients aged 60 and above.Additionally,CRP levels of ≥4.785mg/L was an independent risk factor for the time to negative nucleic acid conversion. |
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