| Objective:To understand the epidemic status of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases(CVDs)among residents aged 18 and above in Qingyunpu District,Nanchang City in 2021,and explore the differences in risk factors exposure between those residents with CVDs or not,and grasp the mortality and disease burden of CVDs among local residents,so as to provide support for local development of targeted CVDs prevention and control strategies.Methods:In 2021,2500 residents aged 18 and above in Qingyunpu District of Nanchang City were interviewed and subjected to physical examination face to face by stratified cluster sampling.The survey included the condition of residents of demography characteristics,living behaviors,diet,stress,and chronic diseases prevalence,which also included the measurement of their height,weight,blood pressure,etc.χ~2 Test,trend test,and Fisher’s exact method were used to compare the differences in the prevalence of CVDs among residents with different characteristics,as well as the exposure of risk factors between residents with CVDs and non-CVDs.The death data of residents in Qingyunpu District,Nanchang City during the period from Jan.1st to Dec.31st in 2021 were collected through the National Death Cause Registration and Reporting Information System,and classified their underlying causing-death by using International Classification of Diseases,the 10th edition(ICD-10).The death situation of local residents were described by calculating indicators such as crude mortality rate,causing-death component ratio,Life Expectancy(LE),and Death-causing Life Expectancy(DCLE),and compared the differences in crude mortality among residents with different demographic characteristics byχ~2 test;The burden of CVDs on local residents was analyzed by calculating indicators such as Potential Years of Life Lost(PYLL),Average Potential Years of Life Lost(APYLL),and Potential Years of Life Lost Rate(PYLLR)caused by premature death.Results:(1)Exposure status of health related factors among residents in Qingyunpu District:The smoking rate,current smoking rate,smoking cessation rate,and second-hand smoke exposure rate were 19.4%(standardized rate 13.4%),13.6%(standardized rate 9.8%),5.7%(standardized rate 3.7%),and 21.4%(standardized rate 16.4%),respectively;The alcohol consumption rate was 18.2%(standardized rate14.0%),with a harmful alcohol consumption rate of 3.5%(standardized rate 2.4%),a dangerous alcohol consumption rate of 1.6%(standardized rate 0.9%),and a harmless alcohol consumption rate of 13.1%(standardized rate 10.7%);The exercise rate was82.1%,and the standard exercise rate was 32.8%;44.1%of residents had insufficient sleep;Residents with insufficient intake of vegetables,fruits,and dairy products accounted for 62.5%,80.8%,and 42.6%,respectively;94.2%and 41.4%of residents consumed oil and salt unreasonably;18.4%of residents often feel nervous.(2)The prevalence status of CVDs among local residents:The prevalence rate of CVDs was 13.6%(standardized rate 8.5%),and there was no difference in the prevalence rate between male and female(12.6%vs 14.6%,standardized rate 7.1%vs9.8%).As one gets older(χ~2=41.547,p<0.001),the lower education level(χ~2=29.858,p<0.001),the higher the BMI rating(χ~2=5.061,p=0.024),the larger the per capita living area(χ~2=4.020,p=0.045)had a higher incidence of CVDs.The prevalence rate of CVDs of non-mental workers 14.7%(95%CI:13.2%-16.1%)was higher than mental workers 2.8%(95%CI:0.5%-5.1%)(p<0.001).(3)Exposure status of risk factors between CVDs and non-CVDs residents:There was no difference in tobacco exposure rate with currently smoke(10.9%vs14.1%),quit smoking(7.6%vs 5.4%),and do not smoke(81.5%vs 80.5%)between CVDs and non-CVDs residents(p=0.091).The alcohol exposure of CVDs residents was lower than that of non-CVDs residents(p=0.039),which alcohol exposure level was harmless(10.3%vs 13.5%),dangerous(1.5%vs 1.6%),harmful(1.5%vs 3.8%),and non-alcoholic(86.8%vs 81.0%).The non-exercise rate of 13.5%in CVDs patients was lower than that of 18.6%in non-CVDs residents(p=0.002).The unreasonable salt intake rate of 60.7%,sleep deprivation rate of 52.8%,and frequent feeling of tension rate of 22.3%in CVDs patients were higher than those of 38.4%,42.8%,and 17.7%in non-CVDs residents(all p<0.05).The awareness rates of waist circumference 63.3%,blood pressure 76.5%,and blood glucose 54.8%in CVDs were higher than those of 56.9%,64.6%,and 39.4%in non-CVDs residents(p<0.05).(4)Deaths of CVDs among residents:The crude mortality rate of CVDs was246.08/100000,Standardized Mortality Rate(SMR)was 252.39/100000,and there was no difference in male mortality rate of 255.77/100000(SMR:245.73/100000)compared to female mortality rate of 235.65/100000(SMR:259.35/100000)(p=0.230).According to SMR ranking,the sequential causes of death for CVDs were103.11/100000 for Cerebrovascular Disease(CVD),98.57/100000 for Ischemic Heart Disease(IHD),34.89/100000 for Hypertensive Heart Disease(HHD),2.17/100000for Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease(CPHD),and 1.68/100000 for Chronic Rheumatic Heart Disease(CRHD).The crude mortality rate of premature death among CVDs was 47.84/100000(SMR:44.59/100000),and the crude mortality rate of premature death caused by CVDs among male was higher than that among female(62.98/100000 vs 31.54/100000,p<0.001).(5)Burden of CVDs:(1)CVDs had caused a loss of 11.23 years of life expectancy for residents,with a loss rate of 13.38%,with men losing 8.65 years and women losing 15.03 years.The life loss of CRHD,CPHD,HHD,CVD,and IHD was5.31 years,5.38 years,5.99 years,6.22 years,and 7.15 years in sequence.The PYLL,APYLL,and PYLLR caused by CVD deaths among residents were 6248.88 person years,7.27 years,and 17.90‰,respectively.The top ranked individuals in PYLL and PYLLR were CVD(2983.69 person years,8.55‰)and IHD(2112.24 person years,6.05‰),while the maximum APYLL caused by CRHD was 9.49 years.The PYLL,APYLL,and PYLLR caused by premature death of CVDs among residents were4045.33 person years,24.22 years,and 11.59‰,respectively.The PYLL(4045.33person years)and PYLLR(11.59‰)caused by HHD ranked first,while the maximum APYLL caused by CVD was 26.52 years.Conclusion:(1)The standardized prevalence rate of CVDs among residents aged 18 and above in Qingyunpu District was 8.5%.The current epidemic situation was that:there was no difference in the prevalence rate between male and female;and the older the age,the lower the education level,the higher the BMI rating,and the larger the per capita living area,the higher the prevalence of CVDs among residents;and non-mental workers were higher than mental workers.It is particularly necessary to strengthen differentiated prevention and control strategies with a focus on high-risk groups for different risk groups of CVDs.(2)There was no difference in tobacco exposure rates between CVDs and non-CVDs residents.Compared with the non-CVDs residents,the main features of CVDs patients were:low alcohol exposure,high exercise rate,high unreasonable salt intake rate,high sleep deprivation rate,frequent feeling of tension,and high awareness of waist circumference,blood pressure,and blood sugar.Further strengthening the prevention and control of related factors such as high salt,insufficient sleep,and stress,and advocating for early risk factor intervention in non-CVDs residents,is beneficial for reducing the risk of CVDs.(3)The SMR of local residents’CVDs was lower than the national level during the same period,with CVD and IHD being the main ones.The loss of life expectancy due to CVDs death was 11.23 years,which higher than the level in Jiangxi Province in 2016.The APYLL and PYLLR caused by the death of CVDs among residents were7.27 years and 17.90‰,while the APYLL and PYLLR caused by early death of CVDs were 24.22 years and 11.59‰.CVDs have a significant impact on the lifespan of residents,mainly focusing on premature death.It can be seen that strengthening prevention and control interventions for CVDs after the age of 30 or even earlier is beneficial in reducing the heavy burden caused by CVDs. |
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