| Background:Semen quality is an important parameter reflecting male reproductive health,and a decrease in semen quality can directly cause a decrease in male fertility.A growing number of studies at home and abroad have shown that sperm quality parameters such as sperm concentration,total sperm count,sperm motility,sperm morphology and other sperm quality parameters have been declining over the past half century,and the analysis of the causes and influencing factors of semen quality decline has been the focus of reproductive medicine research.Environmental factors,lifestyle-behavioral factors and genetic factors all affect male semen quality to varying degrees,and especially lifestyle-behavioral factors are gaining attention as a factor that can be directly intervened.Objective:Through this study,we initially understood the current situation of semen quality of men of reproductive age in Zhengzhou city,analyzed the basic demographic data such as education,occupation,ethnicity,age and the influence of lifestyle such as tea drinking,smoking and alcohol consumption on the semen quality of men in Zhengzhou city,and compared the semen quality of men of reproductive age in Zhengzhou city with that in Puyang city,in order to understand their relative levels and provide a reference basis for promoting reproductive health and reducing the occurrence of infertility in men of reproductive age.Methods:The population attending medical checkups and visits to the reproductive center of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital from December 2021 to June 2022 was used as the population for this study,and informed consent was obtained to fill out the reproductive health questionnaire.The questionnaire included basic demographic information(age,occupation,income,education level,etc.)as well as behavioral-lifestyle information(mainly including history of smoking,alcohol consumption,tea drinking,and spicy food).A total of 659 study subjects were included after strict inclusion and exclusion criteria.The study subjects in Puyang City,with whom the comparison was made,were 700 subjects recruited from the population attending medical examinations and consultations at the fertility center of Puyang Women’s and Children’s Hospital from 06/2018 to 06/2019 by our group.For the measurement data conforming to normal distribution,statistical description was performed using Independent sample t-test for the comparison of two groups of samples and one-way ANOVA for the comparison of multiple groups of samples;if the data did not conform to normal distribution,statistical description was performed using M(P25,P75)and non-parametric rank sum test was used for the comparison between groups;the analysis of influencing factors of semen quality parameters was performed using Logistic regression and general linear regression models were used for analysis.Results:The percentage of normal sperm morphology of fertile men in Zhengzhou was 4.40%,57.14%of those who met the standard according to the World Health Organization,the total number of sperm was 190.13?10~6/per ejaculation,86.22%of those who met the standard,the percentage of forward-moving sperm was 36.34%,58.16%of those who met the standard,the sperm concentration was 49.83?10~6/m L,84.44%of those who met the standard,and the semen volume was 3.96 m L,92.09%of those who met the standard,while only 35.24%of those whose semen parameters were normal.The differences in semen volume and forward motion sperm percentage were statistically significant between different age groups.Among them,semen volume and forward motion sperm percentage were significantly higher in the 25-30 years old group and began to decrease after 30 years old;the differences in semen volume and sperm concentration were statistically significant among different body mass index groups,where the mean semen volume in the normal body mass group was(4.49±1.99)m L,while the semen volume in the lean and obese body mass groups were(3.92±1.71)m L and(3.93±1.93)m L,and the sperm concentration was(45.59±31.00)?10~6/m L in the physically normal population,(35.02±19.58)?10~6/m L and(41.42±38.95)?10~6/m L in the physically lean and obese populations,respectively,with the physically normal The sperm concentration of the population was higher than that of the lean and obese groups.Regression analysis showed that tea drinking was a protective factor for abnormal sperm morphology compared to the non-tea drinking group(OR=0.406,95%CI:0.121-0.931,P=0.0270),the risk of abnormal sperm morphology was 1.831 times higher in the moderately spicy diet than in the non-spicy group(95%CI:1.247-8.561,P=0.35),the age group of 25-30 years was a protective factor for abnormal sperm volume compared to the 18-25 years age group,the age group 25-30 years was a protective factor for abnormal semen volume(OR=0.562,95%CI:0.226-0.754,P=0.041),the risk of abnormal semen volume was 1.252 times higher in those whose occupation was worker than in those whose occupation was clerk(95%CI:1.066-3.625,P=0.039),and relative to the body mass Overweight was a risk factor for abnormal semen volume in the lean group(OR=1.274,95%CI:1.127-3.077,P=0.041),and the risk of abnormal sperm concentration was 2.332times higher in the abstinence days 4-5 than in the abstinence days 2-3 group(95%CI:1.098-4.536,P=0.027),and the risk of abstinence days 6-7 was the risk was 4.000 times higher(95%CI:1.885-8.489,P<0.001);the risk of abnormal sperm concentration was0.467 times higher(95%CI:0.176-0.887,P=0.032)in those with a college education level than in those with a primary education.The percentage of normal spermatozoa in fertile males in Puyang was 2.00%,while in Zhengzhou was 4.40%,and the percentage of normal spermatozoa in fertile males in Zhengzhou was higher than that in Puyang,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05);the sperm concentration in fertile males in Zhengzhou was(49.83±37.08)?10~6/m L and in Puyang was(66.61±52.41)?10~6/m L,the sperm concentration of fertile men in Zhengzhou was lower than that in Puyang,and the difference was statistically significant;the total number of sperm in fertile men in Zhengzhou was 137.37?10~6/per ejaculation.while in Puyang city was 210.20?10~6/one ejaculation,and the total sperm count of fertile men in Zhengzhou city was lower than that in Puyang area and the percentages of forward-moving sperm,mean sperm velocity,linear velocity,and curvilinear velocity of fertile men in Zhengzhou city were lower than that in Puyang area,and the differences were statistically significant.Conclusion:1.According to the World Health Organization standards,the semen quality parameters in Zhengzhou are not optimistic,and only 35.24%of semen are normal in all parameters.2.Age,days of abstinence,education and occupation may be factors influencing semen quality in men of reproductive age.3.The parameters of sperm concentration,total sperm count and sperm vitality of men of childbearing age in Zhengzhou were lower than those in Puyang. |
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