Metabolomic Characteristics Of Aerobic And Resistance Rehabilitation Exercise Modes

Objective: This study used LC-MS based metabolomic analysis.Compared the changes in metabolic features of acute aerobic and resistance exercise at different time points before and after the exercises.The effects of different forms of exercise on the metabolic response of the body are also compared.The study would provide useful information for assessing the body’s condition,exercise effects and selecting relevant metabolite indicators at the level of metabolites and metabolic pathways.They would provide a new evidence base for the development of exercise prescriptions and improve the rehabilitation evaluation system,as well as introducing new ideas for studying the health-promoting effects of exercise.Methods: In this study,10 healthy male university students were recruited and each completed two acute exercises,aerobic and resistance exercise,both of moderate intensity.Heart rate was monitored during exercise to control exercise intensity.Urine samples were collected 30 minutes before exercise,immediately after exercise and 24 hours after exercise.Samples were pre-treated and then detected by untargeted metabolomics using LC-MS.The data were analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis(PCA,PLS-DA and OPLS-DA),differential metabolite screening and metabolic pathway analysis.Results: 1.The maximum heart rate of the participants during moderate intensity aerobic exercise was 165±7 bpm.The mean heart rate was 132±7 bpm and the mean heart rate percentage of 66±3.5%.2.126 differential metabolites(p < 0.05,FC < 0.67 or FC > 1.5,VIP>1)were screened for before moderate intensity aerobic exercise compared to the immediate post-exercise,of which 37 increased and 89 decreased.The main metabolic pathways involved were alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle.69 differential metabolites were screened using the same criteria for the immediate post-exercise compared to 24 h post-exercise,of which 44 increased and 25 decreased.The main metabolic pathways involved were alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism,histidine metabolism and β-alanine metabolism.3.91 differential metabolites(p < 0.05,FC < 0.67 or FC > 1.5,VIP > 1)were screened for before moderate intensity resistance exercise compared to the immediate post-exercise,of which 42 increased and 49 decreased.The main metabolic pathways involved were alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism,arginine biosynthesis and D glutamine and D glutamate metabolism.63 differential metabolites were screened for the immediate post-exercise compared to 24 h post-exercise using the same criteria,of which 54 increased and 9 decreased.The main metabolic pathways involved were tryptophan metabolism,alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism and histidine metabolism.4.There was no significant difference in the metabolic features before acute exercise between the two different types.18 differential metabolites were screened(p < 0.05,FC < 0.67 or FC > 1.5,VIP > 1)when comparing the immediate after two types of acute exercise,of which 16 increased and 2 decreased.The main metabolic pathway involved was purine metabolism.20 differential metabolites were screened using the same criteria when comparing the 24 h after two types of acute exercise,of which 8 increased and 12 decreased.The main metabolic pathway involved was β-alanine metabolism.Conclusion: 1.Both acute moderate-intensity aerobic and resistance exercise can have a significant impact on the metabolic characteristics of human urine.LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics analysis was able to provide a more comprehensive and accurate description of the changes in human urine metabolites before and after exercise.2.The main differential metabolic pathways in human urine before and after acute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise are the tricarboxylic acid cycle and histidine metabolism.The main differential metabolic pathways in human urine before and after acute moderate-intensity resistance exercise are glutamate metabolism and tryptophan metabolism.The different metabolite changes are related to the different effects of the two modes of exercise.3.The different modes of exercise have a significant effect on the metabolic characteristics of human urine.Differences in the intermediates of purine metabolism due to differences in the main energy supply of the two types of exercise,while aerobic exercise had a better fat-burning effect.The main differential metabolic pathway in the post-exercise recovery period was histidine metabolism.Histidine metabolites has a positive effect on recovery from exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative stress.